Chapter 6

Question 1

A collection of people who regularly interact with one another on the basis of shared expectations concerning behavior and who share a sense of common identity

Answer 1

Social group

Question 2

A simple collection of people who happen to be together in a particular place but do not significantly interact or identify with one another

Answer 2

Social aggregate

Question 3

People who share a common characteristic but do not necessarily interact or identify with one another

Answer 3

Social category

Question 4

Groups that are characterized by intense emotional ties, face-to-face interaction, intimacy, and a strong, enduring sense of commitment

Answer 4

Primary groups

Question 5

Groups characterized by large size and by impersonal, fleeting relationships

Answer 5

Secondary groups

Question 6

A large group of individuals with a definite set of authority relations. Bureaucratic aspects included

Answer 6

Organization

Question 7

A group that is rationally designed to achieve its objectives, often by means of explicit rules, regulations, and procedures

Answer 7

Formal organization

Question 8

Set of informal and formal social ties that link people to each other

Answer 8

Networks

Question 9

Groups toward which one feels particular loyalty and respect—the groups to which “we” belong

Answer 9

In-groups

Question 10

Groups toward which one feels antagonism and contempt—“those people”

Answer 10

Out-groups

Question 11

A group that provides a standard for judging one’s attitudes or behaviors

Answer 11

Reference group

Question 12

A group consisting of two persons

Answer 12

Dyad

Question 13

A group consisting of three persons

Answer 13

Triad

Question 14

A type of organization marked by a clear hierarchy of authority and the existence of written rules of procedure and staffed by full-time, salaried officials

Answer 14

Bureaucracy

Question 15

A “pure type,” constructed by emphasizing certain traits of a social item that do not necessarily exist in reality

Answer 15

Ideal type

Question 16

Relations that exist in groups and organizations, as laid down by the norms, or rules, of the official system of authority

Answer 16

Formal relations

Question 17

Relations that exist in groups and organizations developed on the basis of personal connections; ways of doing things that depart from formally recognize modes of procedure

Answer 17

Informal relations

Question 18

The supervising of the activities of some individuals or groups by others in order to ensure compliant behavior

Answer 18

Surveillance

Question 19

A term coined by Weber’s student Robert Michels meaning that large organizations tend toward centralization of power, making democracy difficult

Answer 19

Iron law of oligarchy

Question 20

Rule by a small minority within an organization or society

Answer 20

Oligarchy

Question 21

Forms of technology based on information processing and requiring microelectronic circuitry

Answer 21

Information and communication technology