Chapter 10

Question 1

The biological and anatomical differences distinguishing females and males

Answer 1

Sex

Question 2

Social expectations about behavior regarded as appropriate for the members of each sex

Answer 2

Gender

Question 3

The learning of gender roles through social factors such as schooling, the media, and family

Answer 3

Gender role socialization

Question 4

Social norms dictating that men should be strong, self-reliant, and unemotional

Answer 4

Hegemonic masculinity

Question 5

The view that differences between men and women are natural and inevitable consequences of the intrinsic biological natures of men and women

Answer 5

Biological essentialism

Question 6

Individuals whose gender identity matches his or her biological sex

Answer 6

Cisgender

Question 7

A person who identifies as or expresses a gender identity that differs from their sex at birth

Answer 7

Transgender

Question 8

An individual possessing both male and female genitalia

Answer 8

Intersex

Question 9

A sociological perspective that emphasizes the centrality of gender in analyzing the social world and particularly the uniqueness of the experience of women

Answer 9

Feminist theory

Question 10

The form of feminist theory that posits that gender inequality is produced by unequal access to civil rights and certain social resources based on sex. Seek solutions through changes in legislation that ensure that the rights of individuals are protected

Answer 10

Liberal feminism

Question 11

The form of feminist theory that posits that gender inequality is the result of male domination in all aspects of social and economic life

Answer 11

Radical feminism

Question 12

The dominance of men over women

Answer 12

Patriarchy

Question 13

A strand of feminist theory that highlights the multiple disadvantages of gender, class, and race that shape the experiences of nonwhite women. Black feminists reject the idea of a single, unified gender oppression that is experienced evenly by all women, and argue that early feminist analysis reflected the specific concerns of white, middle-class women

Answer 13

Black feminism

Question 14

A branch of feminist theory that highlights the way that global processes—including colonialism, racism, and imperialism— shape gender relations and hierarchies

Answer 14

Transnational feminism

Question 15

The feminist perspective that challenges the idea of a unitary basis of identity and experience shared by all women

Answer 15

Postmodern feminism

Question 16

The inequality between men and women in terms of wealth, income, and status

Answer 16

Gender inequality

Question 17

Women holding occupations of lower status and pay, such as secretarial and retail positions, and a man holding jobs of a higher status and a pay, such as managerial and professional positions

Answer 17

Gender typing

Question 18

A promotion barrier that prevents a woman’s upward mobility within an organization

Answer 18

Glass ceiling

Question 19

The making of unwanted sexual advances by one individual toward another, with which the first person persists even though it is clear that the other party is resistant

Answer 19

Sexual harassment

Question 20

The concentration of men and women in different occupations

Answer 20

Sex segregation

Question 21

The argument that individuals make investments in their own human capital to increase their productivity and earnings

Answer 21

Human capital theory

Question 22

The forcing of non consensual vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse

Answer 22

Rape