Chapter 11

Question 1

A group of people in a given society who, because of their distinct physical or cultural characteristics, find themselves in situations of inequality compared with the dominant group within that society

Answer 1

Minority group

Question 2

A socially constructed category rooted in the belief that there are fundamental differences among humans, associated with phenotype and ancestry

Answer 2

Race

Question 3

Cultural values and norms that distinguish the members of a given group from others. Members share a distinct awareness of a common cultural identity, separating them from other groups

Answer 3

Ethnicity

Question 4

The attribution of characteristics of superiority or inferiority to a population sharing certain physically inherited characteristics

Answer 4

Racism

Question 5

The holding of preconceived ideas about an individual or a group, ideas that are resistant to change even in the face of new information. May be either positive or negative

Answer 5

Prejudice

Question 6

Thinking in terms of fixed and inflexible categories

Answer 6

Stereotyping

Question 7

Individuals or groups blamed for wrongs that were not up their doing

Answer 7

Scapegoats

Question 8

Behavior that denies to the members of a particular group resources or rewards that can be obtained by others

Answer 8

Discrimination

Question 9

The unacknowledged and unearned assets that benefit whites in their every day lives

Answer 9

White privilege

Question 10

The idea that racism occurs through the respected and established institutions of society rather than through hateful actions of some bad people

Answer 10

Institutional racism

Question 11

Small slights, indignities, or acts of disrespect that are hurtful to people of color even though they are often perpetuated by well-meaning whites

Answer 11

Racial microaggressions

Question 12

The use of scientific research or data to justify or reify beliefs about the superiority or inferiority of particular racial groups

Answer 12

Scientific racism

Question 13

The system of racial segregation established in South Africa

Answer 13

Apartheid

Question 14

The acceptance of a minority group by a majority population, in which the new group takes and the values and norms of the dominant culture

Answer 14

Assimilation

Question 15

The idea that ethnic differences can be combined to create new patterns of behavior drawing on diverse cultural sources

Answer 15

Melting pot

Question 16

A model for ethnic relations in which all ethnic groups in the United States retain their independent and separate identities yet share equally in the rights and powers of citizenship

Answer 16

Pluralism

Question 17

A condition in which ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life

Answer 17

Multiculturalism

Question 18

The movement of people into one country from another for the purposes of settlement

Answer 18

Immigration

Question 19

The movement of people out of one country to settle in another

Answer 19

Emigration

Question 20

The dispersal of an ethnic population from an original homeland into foreign areas, often in a forced manner or under traumatic circumstances

Answer 20

Diaspora

Question 21

The systematic planned destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group

Answer 21

Genocide

Question 22

The creation of ethnically homogenous territories through the mass expulsion of other ethnic populations

Answer 22

Ethnic cleansing

Question 23

The practice of keeping racial and ethnic groups physically separate, thereby maintaining the superior position of the dominant group

Answer 23

Segregation