Chapter 6 Flashcards
How would you describe Hofstede’s cultural dimensions?
A typology for assessing cultural differences across social contexts
What are the 5 dimensions from Hofstede?
- Individualism vs collectivism
- Uncertainty avoidance
- Power distance
- Masculinity vs femininity
- Long term vs short term orientation
What is individualism vs collectivism?
Extent to which cultures value and privilege individuals’s success over the group’s success over vice versa.
I = negative face
C = positive face
What is uncertainty avoidance?
Extent to which members of a society feel threaten by uncertain or unknown situations
What is power distance?
Extent to which people with little power in society consider inequity normale and acceptable
What is masculinity vs femininity?
The relationship between biological sex and what is sex-appropriate behaviour.
What is long term vs short term orientation?
Extent to which cultures value a long-term or short-term approach for planning the future
How would you describe the communication accommodation theory?
Will you adapt to or diverge from another cultural group?
What are the two social identity groups?
- In-groups - belongs to
2. Out-groups - doesn’t belong to
How can you accommodate?
Convergence: match to convergence with the in-group.
Divergence: differentiate to mark you out-group
What are the effects of converging?
\+ = increased attraction, social approval and increased persuasion - = loss of personal authenticity and incorrect stereotypes
What are the effects of diverging?
\+ = protects cultural identity, asserts power distances, increased sympathy - = perceived lack of effort, increased psychological distance
How would you scribe the anxiety/uncertainty management theory?
Communication effectiveness in intercultural situations is a result of reducing anxiety and uncertainty
When do you feel like a stranger?
You don’t have to be in a foreign country to feel like a stranger
What are cultural strangers?
Out-group members
What are cultural natives?
In-group members
What happens when you have too much uncertainty?
You are unable to make useful predictions about the other’s behavior
What happens when you have too little uncertainty?
You become overconfident
What is attributional confidence?
AUM predicts that it is only when the anxiety and uncertainty during group interactions are appropriately discerned and reduced that effective communication can occur
How would you describe the face-negotiating theory?
Explains cultural differences in conflict situations as a result of combing and differing face needs and conflict styles
What are the central dimensions of face-negotiating theory?
- Individualism vs collectivism
2. Power distance
What do individualistic cultures want?
They want to act freely, emphasize negative face
What do collectivistic cultures want?
They want to be liked, emphasize positive face
What is typical about lower power distance cultures?
Concern for other’s face
