Chapter 3

Question 1

How can you describe the attribution theory?

Answer 1

The process individuals use when trying to make causal explanations for behavior of their own and others

Question 2

What says the correspondent inference theory?

Answer 2

Did the person intentionally act in a certain way, knowing the effects the behavior would have?

Question 3

What are the six factors to determine the purpose of another’s behavior?

Answer 3

1. Choice
2. Social desirability
3. Social role
4. Prior expectations
5. Personalism

Question 4

Out of what parts is Kelley’s covariation model build up?

Answer 4

1. Consensus (other people)
2. Consistency (many times before)
3. Distinctiveness (similarly in other situations)

Question 5

What is controllability?

Answer 5

Consensus, consistency and distinctiveness combined. Then you can judge if it is interior or exterior locus of control.

Question 6

What is interior locus of control?

Answer 6

The actor could have controlled the behavior

Question 7

What is exterior locus of control?

Answer 7

The behavior was unavoidable

Question 8

How can you describe the uncertainty reduction theory?

Answer 8

When, why and how individuals use communication to minimize their doubts when interacting with others

Question 9

What are the three condition that influence whether we are motivated to reduce uncertainty?

Answer 9

1. Anticipation of future interaction
2. Incentive value
3. Deviance

Question 10

What is behavioral uncertainty?

Answer 10

How to act in a given situation?

Question 11

What is cognitive uncertainty?

Answer 11

What to think about someone or something?

Question 12

What are the uncertainty reduction strategies?

Answer 12

1. Passive (detective)
2. Active (seek information from a third)
3. Interactive (ask the source)

Question 13

How can you describe the expectancy violations theory?

Answer 13

What happens when someone violate you expectations?

Question 14

What is reciprocate?

Answer 14

Match someone’s behavior

Question 15

What is compensate?

Answer 15

Doing the opposite of someone’s behavior

Question 16

What is expectancy based on?

Answer 16

1. Context of the behavior
2. Relationship with the person in question
3. Communicator’s characteristics

Question 17

What are the three core concepts of EVT?

Answer 17

1. Expectancy
2. Violation valence
3. Communicator reward valence?

Question 18

What is violation valence?

Answer 18

How do you evaluate the behavior you did not anticipate (+/-)?

Question 19

What is communicator reward valence?

Answer 19

How do you evaluate the person who committed the violation (+/-)?

Question 20

VV+ / CRV+ =

Answer 20

Reciprocate

Question 21

VV- / CRV-

Answer 21

Reciprocate

Question 22

VV- / CRV+

Answer 22

Compensate

Question 23

VV+ / CRV-

Answer 23

Reciprocate or match

Question 24

How can you describe cognitive dissonance theory?

Answer 24

When incongruence between our attitudes and behavior creates a tension resolved by altering either our beliefs or our behaviors

Question 25

What are the three possible relationships between behaviors and beliefs?

Answer 25

1. Irrelevance (nothing to do with each other)
2. Consonance (they match)
3. Dissonance (they don’t match)

Question 26

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 26

The discomfort you feel when you do something that is against your beliefs

Question 27

The magnitude of dissonance depends on three variables. What are the variables?

Answer 27

1. The amount of dissonance (perceived importance)
2. Dissonance ration (consonance vs disonance)
3. Rationalization (justify the contrasting attitudes)

Question 28

What strategies use people to minimize dissonance?

Answer 28

1. Selective exposure
2. Selective attention (only attend information that reaffirms your beliefs)
3. Selective interpretation (interpret information so it is consistent with you beliefs)
4. Selective retention (forgetting information)

Question 29

What is the post decision theory?

Answer 29

Individuals attempt to persuade themselves after a decision has been made or course of action has been happened, that the discussion or behavior was okay (justify you actions and beliefs).