Chapter 4

Question 1

What is the social role theory of gender?

Answer 1

Perceptions of men an women’s behavior are always filtered through stereotypes of how mean and women should behave

Question 2

What is the difference between gender and sex?

Answer 2

Gender is socially constructed. Sex is genetically determined

Question 3

What are communal qualities?

Answer 3

Stereotypical female qualities: caring affection and gentility

Question 4

What are agentic qualities?

Answer 4

Stereotypical male qualities: assertiveness, confidence and ambition

Question 5

What suggests the social role congruity theory?

Answer 5

Women in leadership positions are likely to experience two types of prejudices

Question 6

What is descriptive prejudice?

Answer 6

Stereoptypic beliefs about men and women. Women have less leadership potentials because oft heir lack of agentic qualities

Question 7

What is prescriptive prejudice?

Answer 7

How women should behave

Question 8

What is ‘double bind’?

Answer 8

If women conform to their traditional role, they are not seen as having potential leadership. If they adopt the agentic characteristics associated with successful leaders, then they are evaluated negatively for behaving in an unfeminine manner

Question 9

How can you describe emotional intelligence?

Answer 9

Succes might be explained by the extent to which an individual is attuned to emotional experiences.

Question 10

What are the four branches of EI?

Answer 10

1. Perceiving emotions
2. Using emotions to assist thinking
3. Understanding and analyzing emotions
4. Regulation of emotions

Question 11

What are the two leadership styles?

Answer 11

1. Transactional leadership

2. Transformational leadership

Question 12

What is transactional leadership?

Answer 12

Inspirational motivation: creates a vision, act as a role model

Question 13

What is transformational leadership?

Answer 13

Encouraging creativity, acts as a coach (high EL)

Question 14

How would you describe message design logics

Answer 14

Variations in beliefs about communication explain problems in communication

Question 15

What are the three types of message design logics?

Answer 15

1. Expressive logic (say what you think)
2. Conventional logic (appropriate)
3. Rherotical logic (prevent problems)

Question 16

What happens when to people use the same MDL?

Answer 16

They recognize that problems are communication problems

Question 17

What happens when two people use different MDL?

Answer 17

They blame the difficulties on perceived bad intentions

Question 18

How would you describe interactional perspective?

Answer 18

Why different generations in the workplace can experience communication difficulties

Question 19

What are different types of generations?

Answer 19

Baby boomers, generation X, generation Y

Question 20

What are the types of interactional perspectives?

Answer 20

1. The impossibility of not communicating (tattoo)
2. All communication has a content and relationship level (how it is understood depends on the relation)
3. Tendency of communicators to use punctuation (how the message is send causes an effect)
4. Communication entails both digital and analogically codes (crying is sadness)
5. Communication can be symmetrical or complementary

Question 21

When conflict in interactional perspective arises, what are the two types of change?

Answer 21

1. First order change
   Changing the behaviors of individuals in the system
2. Second order change
   Seeks to resolve underlying differences in perspective