Chapter 6 Flashcards
American negotiator of Treaty of Paris and member of the committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence
John Adams
American soldier who committed treason by agreeing to hand over a fort to the British
Benedict Arnold
British general who surrendered his army near Saratoga
John Burgoyne
British General who surrendered his army near Yorktown
Charles Cornwallis
British General whose army occupied Boston and attacked Concord
Thomas Gage
An early American success that supplied artillery for the forces around Boston
Fort Ticonderoga
Virginian patriot whose speeches supported the war
Patrick Henry
British General who took New York and Philadelphia but missed his main objective
William Howe
Primary author of the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
Englishman who wrote common sense to arouse support for independence
Thomas Paine
A costly victory outside of Boston
Bunker hill
Commander of the green mountain boys who captured fort Ticonderoga
Ethan Allen
Commander in chief of the continental army
George Washington
A successful winter raid that lifted the morale of the young continental army
Trenton
An unsuccessful attempt to stop the British from taking Philadelphia
Battle of brandywine
American ordnance chief who surprised the British by transporting heavy artillery to Boston
Henry Knox
Overrated American commander who won at Saratoga but lost at Camden
Horatio Gates
The capture of a British army which encouraged France to join the war
Saratoga campaign
The continental army’s winter headquarters during the dark winter of 1777-78
Valley forge
A draw that proved the new professionalism of the continental army
Battle of Monmouth
American leader who was vital in winning the battles of Saratoga and cowpens
Daniel Morgan
German drill master for the continental army
Baron Von Steuben
American leader in the northwest who captured Vincennes
George Roger Clark
Patriot guerrilla called the “Swamp Fox”
Francis Marion
Resourceful American commander in the south known as the “Fighting Quaker” who kept the pressure on the British
Nathaniel Greene
French aristocrat who helped to corner the British at Yorktown
Marquis de Lafayette
Action taken by patriots in 1773, when British ships refused to take their tea back to England
Boston tea party
Treaty that brought the war for independence to an end
Treaty of Paris
Act that made Roman Catholicism the official religion of Quebec
Quebec act
Colonial militiamen ready to fight in a moment’s notice
Minutemen
A series of acts such as closing the port of Boston designed to punish and subjugate the troublesome colony
Coercive acts
Document stating that the colonist must be autonomous/self-governing in nearly every aspect and have the right to raise militias to defend themselves
Declaration of American rights
Another term for loyalists who were pro-British colonist
Tories
Alerted colonies of British threats to liberty to other areas of the colony
Committee of correspondence
Act that granted east India trading company a monopoly on the shipment and sale of English tea in America
Tea act of 1773
A large group of Scot-Irish living in the back country of south central Harrisburg
Paxton boys
Made a famous ride through the countryside of Massachusetts to alert of the impending British attack
Paul revere
A group of rebels who opposed British rule and held rallies to protest the stamp act
Sons of Liberty
Fifty delegates gathered and adopted a formal statement of protest; they asserted the right of the colonies to self-govern
First continental congress
German mercenaries
Hessians
Pamphlet that advocated independence from Britain
Common Sense
Minor victory for the American troops but good moral booster for them
Princeton
Professional full-time soldiers who made the military their careers
Regulars
Violent group of protestors against Britain who dominated the North Carolina back country
Regulators
Pro-British colonists
Loyalists
Document pledging loyalty to the king and requested his intervention in curbing Parliament’s abusive exercise of power
Olive branch petition
Battle on a rolling meadows in which the British suffered 930 casualties and the American suffered only 70
Battle of cowpens
Little crossroads in North Carolina
Guilford courthouse
Cornwallis and his forces and Greene and his forced strived to reach to Dan River and cut off the other from their supply basses
Race of the Dan
Battle in which major Patrick Ferguson and 80% of his force were destroyed
Battle of Kings mountain
The scene of British “humiliating defeat”
Yorktown
Delegates gathered in Philadelphia to assemble the mantle of governance and appointed George Washington commander and chief of the continental army
Second continental congress
Series of acts intended to punish the colonist and force them into submission, also known as the coercive acts
Intolerable acts
“Citizen soldiers”
Militia
Local citizens boarded a British ship removed its crew and burned the ship
Gaspee incident
Trading post that fell on the wabash River in what is now Indiana
Vincennes
Area where Gates and Cornwallis stumbled upon each other in South Carolina
Camden
Colonists loyal to America
Patriots
The capture of an important American city by the British following the Savannah
Siege of Charlestown
Document listing the grievances that Americans had against the king ad stated universal principles that would shape the character and direction of the emerging nation
Declaration of Independence
After being defeated on land and sea, the British troops lay down their arms and surrendered
Surrender at Yorktown
