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Oral Pathology - My deck > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common fungal infection in humans?

A

Candidiasis

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2
Q

What fungus causes Candidiasis?

A

Candida albicans

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3
Q

What are the two forms of candida albicans and which form is infectious?

A

Yeast form and hyphal form. The hyphal form is infectious.

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4
Q

True or False: Candidiasis is a opportunistic infection

A

True, but healthy patients may develop infection

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5
Q

What are the clinical patterns of candidiasis?

A

Psuedomembranous, Erythematous, Chronic hyperplastic and mucocutaneous

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6
Q

What term describes white plaques that resemble cottage, that are removable?

A

Candidiasis pseudomembranous

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7
Q

What is the common name of psuedomembranous candidiasis in pediatric patients?

A

Thrush

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8
Q

What things might initiate pseudomembranous candidiasis?

A

ABX, impairment of the immune system (leukemic patients, HIV, infants), asthma inhalers

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9
Q

Where does pseudomembranous candidiasis usually occur in the mouth?

A

Buccal mucosa, palate, dorsal tongue

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10
Q

What symptoms can occur with pseudomembranous candidiasis?

A

Mild burning and a mild unpleasant taste

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11
Q

What are the 5 common presentations of erythematous candidiasis?

A 
Median rhomboid glossitis
Chronic multifocal candidiasis
Angular cheilitis
Denture stomatitis
Acute atrophic candidasis
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12
Q

What is another name for median rhomboid glossitis?

A

Central papillary atrophy

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13
Q

In what population does median rhomboid glossitis occur?

A

Adults (“disease of adults”)

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14
Q

Describe median rhomboid glossitis

A

Well demarcated erythematous zone affecting the midline, posterior dorsal tongue (anterior to the circumvallate papilla)

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15
Q

What causes the erythema in median rhomboid glossitis?

A

Loss of filiform papillae

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16
Q

What is median rhomboid glossitis usually mistkaen as?

A

Geographic tongue

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17
Q

Describe chronic multifocal candidiasis.

A

Median rhomboid glossitis + signs of infection at other sites (“kissing lesion”)

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18
Q

Describe angular cheilitis.

A

Erythema at the folds of the corners of the mouth where saliva can pool

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19
Q

What is the etiology of angular cheilitis?

A

60% of cases are a combination of Staph aureus and C albicans. The other 40% are either C albicans or S aureus alone

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20
Q

The clinical pattern of angular cheilitis is termed ____________.

A

Cheilochcandidiasis

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21
Q

Describe denture stomatitis.

A

Erythema localized to denture bearing areas of a removable denture.

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22
Q

Why does denture stomatitis usually occur?

A

When the patient continuously wears the denture, it harbors organisms.

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23
Q

What is important to remember when treating denture stomatitis?

A

Remember to treat both the soft tissues and the denture to prevent recurrence

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24
Q

What is another name for acute atrophic candidiasis?

A

Antibiotic sore mouth

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25
Q

Describe acute atrophic candidiasis.

A

Diffuse loss of filiform papillae of dorsal tongue, and the moth feels as though a hot liquid scalded it

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26
Q

What is another name for chronic hyperplastic candidiasis

A

Candidal leukoplakia

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27
Q

Describe chronic hyperplastic candidiasis

A

White patch that cannot be removed. This is the least common form of candidiasis

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28
Q

Where does chronic hyperplastic candidiasis usually occur?

A

Anterior buccal mucosa

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29
Q

Describe mucocutaneous candidiasis.

A

A rare group of immunologic disorders, where oral lesions are white plaques that do not wipe off.

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30
Q

Young patients with mucocutaneous candidiasis can develop what 3 things?

A

Endocrine candidiasis syndrome
APECED
Iron deficiency anemia

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31
Q

How is Candidiasis treated?

A

Antifungal agents (Nystatin, Amphotericin B, Imidazole agents)

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32
Q

What is the most common systemic fungal infection in US?

A

Histoplasmosis

33
Q

What fungus causes histoplasmosis?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

34
Q

Which form of histoplasma capsulatum is the infectious form?

A

The yeast form

35
Q

Where is Histoplasma capsulatum commonly found?

A

Humid areas with soil enriched by bird or bat excrement (Ohio and Mississippi River Valley)

36
Q

How is Histoplasma capsulatum transmitted/where does it germinate?

A

Airborne spores are inhaled, and germinate in the terminal passages of the lungs. Many of those infected have no/mild symptoms

37
Q

In what population does Histoplasmosis actually causes symptoms?

A

Older, debilitated, immunocompromised

38
Q

Why are oral health care professionals concerned about histoplasmosis?

A

Oral lesions can occur with disseminated forms of histoplasmosis

39
Q

What do oral lesions caused by histoplasmosis clinically appear as?

A

Solitary, painful, long lasting ulceration with firm, rolled margins. (Indistinguishable from malignancy)

40
Q

What fungus causes blastomycosis?

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

41
Q

Which form (yeast or hyphal) of blastomyces dermatitidis is infectious?

A

The yeast form

42
Q

Where is Blastomyces dermatitidis found?

A

Eastern areas of the US and Canada

43
Q

Which population is commonly affected by Blastomyces dermatitidis?

A

Males (more outdoor activity)

44
Q

True or False: Occurrence of Blastomycosis in immunocompromised patients is rare

A

True,Occurrence of Blastomycosis in immunocompromised patients is rare

45
Q

How is Blastomyces dermatitidis transmitted?

A

Inhalation of spores after a rain, then the spores grow in alveoli of the lungs

46
Q

What does acute blastomycosis resemble?

A

Pneumonia

47
Q

What does chronic blastomycosis resemble?

A

Tuberculosis

48
Q

Why are oral health care professionals concerned about blastomycosis?

A

Oral lesions can results from disseminated infections or local inoculations of Blastomyces dermatitidis

49
Q

What term describes a benign reaction of the epithelium (looks like cancer) seen in histological slides of blastomycosis?

A

Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperlasia

50
Q

What fungus causes paracoccidioidomycosis?

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

51
Q

What animal is a reservoir for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis?

A

Nine banded armadillo

52
Q

Are males or females more commonly infected by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis?

A

Males - Protective effect of female hormones, inhibits the transformation of the hyphal form of the organism to the pathogenic yeast form

53
Q

Under microscopy, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis often appears as a _________ due to _________.

A

A mariner’s wheel or mickey mouse due to daughter cells budding off the parent cell

54
Q

What fungus causes coccidioidomycosis?

A

Coccidioides immitis

55
Q

What is another name for coccidioidomycosis?

A

San Joaquin Valley Fever

56
Q

Where can Coccidioides immitis be found?

A

Dead or decaying organic matter - It is saprophytic organism

Endemic to the Southwestern US and Mexico

57
Q

How is Coccidioides immitis transmitted?

A

Inhalation of spores

58
Q

What term describes a hypersensitivity reaction to Coccidioides immitis characterized by multiple painful inflammatory nodules on the legs?

A

Erythema nodosum

59
Q

What is Valley fever?

A

Erythema nodosum occurring in conjuction with coccidioidomycosis

60
Q

What fungus causes Cryptococcosis?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

61
Q

Where can Cryptococcus neoformans be found?

A

Pigeon excrement

62
Q

What is a unique feature of Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans has a prominent mucopolysaccharide capsule that protects it from host defense

63
Q

What population is commonly affected by cryptococcosis?

A

Immunocompromised patients

64
Q

What is the most frequent site of involvement in disseminated infections of cyrptococcosis?

A

Meninges

65
Q

What is another name for Zygomycosis?

A

Mucormycosis

66
Q

Where are zygomycota found?

A

Found of decaying organic material

67
Q

What is the most important concern about zygomycosis?

A

The Rhinocerebral form, because you can’t do surgical debridement of the brain

68
Q

What enhances the growth of zygomycota?

A

Iron

69
Q

What patients are at risk for zygomycosis and why?

A

Uncontrolled diabetics because ketoacidosis inhibits iron binding to transferrin, which allows iron levels to rise
Patients taking deferoxamine
Immunocompromised patietns

70
Q

Zygomycota are attracted to blood vessels and can cause occlusion of the vessels, resulting in tissue that appears ______ and ______

A

Appears black and necrotic

71
Q

What are the 2 forms of aspergillosis?

A

Noninvasive and invasive

72
Q

What does noninvasive aspergillosis causes?

A

Affects a normal host, and is an allergic reaction affecting the sinuses (allergic fungal sinusitis)

73
Q

What term describes a large mass of fungal hyphae is aspergillosis?

A

Aspergilloma

74
Q

What population is affected by invasive aspergillosis?

A

Immunocompromised patients

75
Q

True or False: Aspergillosis is rare

A

Falso, Aspergillosis is the 2nd most common fungal infection

76
Q

What are the two common species of fungus that causes aspergillosis?

A

A fumigatus, and A flavus

77
Q

Which fungus can be found in bird or bat excrement?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

78
Q

Which fungi are saprophytic organisms (lives on decaying organic matter?

A

Coccidioidmycosis, Zygomycosis

Oral Pathology - My deck (22 decks)

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