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Oral Pathology - My deck > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What term describes a lesion around the nose or mouth with amber colored crusts?

A

Impetigo

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2
Q

What bacteria cause impetigo?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep), and Staphylococcus aureus

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3
Q

What are the 2 forms of Impetigo?

A

Bullous and Non bullous; non bullous is the much more common one

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4
Q

What age group is commonly affected by non bullous impetigo?

A

Children and young adults

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5
Q

Where is another location of non bullous impetigo?

A

The legs

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6
Q

Describe bullous impetigo.

A

More commonly seen in infants; Superficial vesicles that rapidly enlarge to from larger, flaccid bullae which rupture and develop and thin brown crust

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7
Q

If untreated, bullous impetigo can lead to which 3 things?

A

Meningitis, pneumonia, and glomerulonephritis

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8
Q

What term describes inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx?

A

Tonsillitis and pharyngitis

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9
Q

What causes tonsillitis and pharyngitis?

A

Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus, influenza virus and epstein barr virus – a majority of cases are caused by viruses

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10
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of tonsillitis pharyngitis?

A

Sore throat, dysphagia, tonsillar hyperplasia, fever, headache

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11
Q

How is streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis diagnosed and treated?

A

Diagnosed by throat culture; tx penicillin

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12
Q

What are possible sequelae of streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis?

A

Scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart diease, acute glomerulonephritis

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13
Q

What term describes an infection that results from disseminated Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection?

A

Scarlet fever

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14
Q

Describe the clinical oral features of scarlet fever.

A

First 2 days: White strawberry tongue - white coating with only fungiform papillae visible
4-5 days: Red strawberry tongue - erythematous dorsal surface with hyperplastic fungiform papillae

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15
Q

What are the dermatological features of scarlet fever?

A

Skin erythema at 1 week, and desquamation at 3-8 weeks

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16
Q

What term describes a rash in areas of pressure and skin folds presenting as transverse red streaks, caused by scarlet fever?

A

Pastia’s lines

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17
Q

What are the possible complications of scarlet fever?

A

Acute rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis

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18
Q

What term describes a foul smelling

compaction of desquamated keratin and foreign material in the tonsils?

A

Tonsillar concretions

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19
Q

Which species of bacteria usually colonizes tonsillar concretions?

A

Actinomyces spp

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20
Q

What term describes if tonsillar concretions undergo dystrophic calicification?

A

Tonsillolith

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21
Q

What is the main issue with tonsillar concretions?

A

Can promote recurrent tonsillar infections, but are otherwise asymptomatic

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22
Q

What are some at home treatments for tonsillar concretions?

A

Gargle warm salt water and/or use pulsating jets of water

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23
Q

Which bacteria causes diphtheria?

A

Cornebacterium diphtheriae

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24
Q

Humans are the ______ _______ of diphtheria.

A

Sole reservoir

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25
Q

Which bacteria causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum (spirochete)

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26
Q

How is syphilis primarily transmitted?

A

Sexual contact and from mother to fetus

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27
Q

In which population is syphilis more common?

A

In men and in African Americans (socioeconomic status)

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28
Q

Describe primary syphilis.

A

Chancre, a painless ulceration, that develops at the site of inoculation (3-90 days after inaculation)

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29
Q

What are the most common sites of primary syphilis?

A

The anus and external genitalia – oral lesions account for 2%

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30
Q

Describe secondary syphilis.

A

Disseminated syphilis - painless lymphadenopathy, and a painless, maculopapular cutaneous, widespread rash. Some patients may have a mucous patch in the oral cavity

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31
Q

Describe tertiary syphilis.

A

Latent syphilis - possible cardiac complications, ocular lesions, syphillitic glossitis, gumma

32
Q

What is gumma?

A

Intraoral lesions of granulomatous inflammation that affect the tongue or palate

33
Q

What is Hutchinson’s triad?

A

Hutchinson’s incisors (and mulberry molars), ocular interstitial keratitis, 8th nerve deafness

  • saddle nose is also associated with Hutchinson’t triad
34
Q

What STD is associated with Hutchinson’s triad?

A

Congenital syphilis

35
Q

Which STD is the most common reportable infectious disease in the US?

A

Gonorrhea

36
Q

What bacteria causes gonorrhea?

A

Neisseria gonnorhoeae

37
Q

How is gonorrhea transmitted?

A

Sexual contact, and during birth can get into infant’s eyes

38
Q

What term describes a gonorrheal infection of an infant’s eye?

A

Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum

39
Q

In females, gonorrhea may progress to ____.

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

40
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of gonorrhea?

A

Purulent discharge, dysuria

41
Q

What microorganism causes tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

42
Q

What is the morphology of M tuberculosis?

A

Acid fast bacillus

43
Q

How is tuberculosis transmitted?

A

Airborne droplets

44
Q

What term describes tuberculosis of the skin?

A

Lupus vulgaris

45
Q

What term describes an mycobacterial infection caused by drinking contaminated milk?

A

Scrofula

46
Q

What does TB on the tongue and palate clinically present as?

A

Painless, chronic, non healing ulceration

This is disseminated TB

47
Q

Describe the histology of TB.

A

Granulomas with central areas of necrosis (caseating granulomatous inflammation)

48
Q

What bacteria causes leprosy?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

49
Q

Where are endemic areas for leprosy?

A

Louisiana, Texas and Hawaii

50
Q

Where are most cases of Leprosy?

A

Brazil, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nigeria

51
Q

What animal is a host?

A

Nine banded armadillo

52
Q

What are the 2 main categories of leprosy?

A

Tuberculoid leprosy and Lepromatous leprosy

53
Q

Tuberculoid leprosy is also known as ___________ leprosy.

A

Paucibacillary leprosy

54
Q

Lepromatous leprosy is also known as _________ leprosy.

A

Multibacillary leprosy

55
Q

What term describes a very act fasting infection that is polymicrobial, opportunistic, and spreads though anatomic barriers?

A

Noma

56
Q

What disease most frequently precedes development of Noma?

A

Measles

57
Q

What condition does Noma frequently begin as?

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (Periodontitis)

58
Q

Which bacteria are frequently associated with Noma?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Prevotella intermedia

59
Q

Describe the zones of necrosis in Noma.

A

Necrotic areas are well defined and unilateral

60
Q

How is Noma treated?

A

ABX, correct nutrition, conservative debridement

95% mortality is untreated

61
Q

What bacteria causes actinomycosis?

A

Actinomyces israelii

62
Q

Where does Actinomyces israelii typically colonize in humans?

A

Tonsillar crypts, Plaque and Carious dentin

63
Q

What is a characteristic of actinomycosis caused by an odontogenic infection?

A

Suppuration and discharge of yellow material (sulfur granules), that represent colonies of bacteria

64
Q

Which disease is the most common cause of chronic lymphadenopathy in children?

A

Cat scratch disease

65
Q

What bacteria causes cat scratch disease?

A

Bartonella henselae

66
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of cat scratch disease.

A

Begins in the skin, then classically spreads to adjacent lymph nodes

67
Q

In what population does cat scratch disease usually occur in?

A

Patients younger than 21

68
Q

In cat scratch disease, what term describes a primary lesions adjacent to the eye that results in conjuctival granulomas with preauricular lymphadenopathy?

A

Oculoglandular syndrome of Parinaud

69
Q

How is cat scratch disease usually treated?

A

It is usually self limiting and will resolve after 4 months

70
Q

What condition is one of the most common health complaints in the US, and is usually caused by blockage of the ostiomeatal complex?

A

Sinusitis

71
Q

What are the most common predisopsing factors of sinusitis?

A

Allergic rhinitis, and upper respiratory tract viral infection

72
Q

At what point does sinusitis become chronic sinusitis?

A

After 3 months of recurring episodes of acute/symptomatic sinus disease

73
Q

What term describes a calcified mass in the sinus?

A

Antrolith

74
Q

What are the classic symptoms of maxillary sinusitis?

A

Increased pain when head is upright, and decreased pain when patient is supine.

75
Q

True or False: A sinus infection does not can’t cause pain in several teeth.

A

False. A sinus infection should be strongly considered when patients complain of pain from several teeth

76
Q

How is chronic sinusitis treated?

A

ABX, but if patient is unresponsive surgical correction to enlarge the ostial openings may be considered. However, surgical correction should be avoided in children,

Oral Pathology - My deck (22 decks)

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