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Oral Pathology - My deck > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What term describes a reactive hyperplasia of CT in response to local irritation or trauma?

A

Fibroma

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2
Q

What is the most common site of a fibroma?

A

Buccal muscosa along the occlusal line

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3
Q

What is the common clinical presentation of a fibroma?

A

An asymptomatic, sessile, smooth surface nodule that is similar in color to the surround mucosa

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4
Q

What is the treatment for a fibroma?

A

Conservative surgical excision– Must submit to pathology

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5
Q

What is the most common tumor of the oral cavity, and why is it not a true tumor?

A

Fibroma, not a true tumor since it is an inflammatory response

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6
Q

What term describes a fibrous tumor with distinctive features and is not associated with chronic irritation?

A

Giant cell fibroma

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7
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a giant cell fibroma?

A

They usually stay small (<1 cm), and typically have a papillary surface (like cobblestone)

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8
Q

In what population are giant cell fibromas more common?

A

They usually occur at a younger age than other fibromas

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9
Q

Where do giant cell fibromas usually occur?

A

Predilection for the gingival

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10
Q

What term describes a typically bilateral nodule on gingiva, lingual to the mandibular cuspid?

A

Retrocuspid papilla

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11
Q

What is the treatment for a retrocuspid papilla?

A

None, they usually regress with age! But make note in patients chart

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12
Q

What is the treatment for a giant cell fibroma?

A

Conservative surgical excision

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13
Q

What term describes a tumor like hyperplasia of fibrous CT?

A

Inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia

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14
Q

What term describes inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia associated with the flange of an ill fitting denture?

A

Epulis fissuratum

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15
Q

Where does epulis fissuratum usually occur?

A

On the facial aspect of the alveolar ridge

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16
Q

What is the treatment for inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia?

A

Surgical remocal and if associated with a denture, then remake the denture

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17
Q

What term describes a reactive tissue growth that develops under a denture and ahs a pebbly or papillary surface?

A

Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia

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18
Q

What is inflammatory papillary hyperplasia related to?

A

Ill fitting denture, poor denture hygiene, or wearing denture 24 hours a day

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19
Q

What percentage of patients that continually wear their denture have inflammatory papillary hyperplasia?

A

20% of patients

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20
Q

What is the clinical presentation of inflammatory papillary hyperplasia?

A

Asymptomatic, erythematous tissue with a pebbly or papillary surface

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21
Q

What other infection do patients also have in association with inflammatroy papillary hyperplasia?

A

Candidal infection (dentur stomatitis/erythematous candida)

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22
Q

How is inflammatory papillary hyperplasia treated?

A

Early lesions, removal of the denture and antifungal therapy. For advanced lesions, surgical removal may be needed

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23
Q

What term describes a lesion that results from overproduction of hyaluronic acid by fibroblasts?

A

Oral focal mucinosis

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24
Q

The skin counterpart of oral focal mucinosis is called ________ _______ ______.

A

Cutaneous focal mucinosis

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25
Q

In what population are oral focal mucinosis more common?

A

Most common in young females

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26
Q

Where do oral focal mucinosis nodules occur?

A

2/3 occur on the gingiva, 1/3 occur on the hard palate

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27
Q

How is oral focal mucinosis treated?

A

Surgical excision

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28
Q

What term describes a reactive lesion to local irritation or trauma that is not a true granuloma?

A

Pyogenic granuloma

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29
Q

Where doe pyogenic granulomas usually occur?

A

Gingiva (75%), then lips, tongue and buccal mucosa

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30
Q

In what population are pyogenic granulomas most common?

A

In children and young adults

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31
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a pyogenic granuloma?

A

Smooth or lobulated pink or red mass that is typically pedunculated, and may exhibit rapid growth. Surface is characteristically ulcerated and bleeds easily

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32
Q

What are 2 other names for a pyogenic granuloma?

A

Pregnancy tumor or granuloma gravidarum

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33
Q

Why are pyogenic granulomas typically red in appearance?

A

Because of the capillary blood vessels within it

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34
Q

What is the treatment for a pyogenic granuloma?

A

Surgical excision, and for gingival lesions the excision should extend to the periosteum and adjacent teeth. For lesions developing during pregnancy, defer treatment because sometimes the lesion will resolve after birth, unless functional or aesthetic problems develop.

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35
Q

Is it common for pyongenic granulomas to recur?

A

Yes, they can occasionally recur

36
Q

What term describes a reactive lesions caused by local irritation or trauma that may produce a cupping resorption of the underlying alveolar bone?

A

Peripheral giant cell granuloma

37
Q

Where do peripheral giant cell granulomas occur?

A

They occur exclusively on the gingiva or edentulous alveolar ridge

38
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a peripheral giant cell granuloma?

A

Erythematous mass similar to a pyogenic granuloma (ulcerated about half the time) but is often more blue or purple.

39
Q

In what population and age do peripheral giant cell granulomas usually occur?

A

At 35, 60% in females

40
Q

How is a peripheral giant cell granuloma treated?

A

Surgical excision down to underlying bone and adjacent teeth should be scaled

41
Q

Is recurrence common for peripheral giant cell granulomas?

A

No, 10% recur

42
Q

What term describes a nodular mass due to irritation or trauma that is not usually erythematous, may or may not have bone formation within the mass (white appearance)?

A

Peripheral ossifying granuloma

43
Q

Where do peripheral ossifying granulomas usually occur?

A

Exclusively on the gingiva, commonly in the incisor-cuspid region (… they arise from the dental papilla)

44
Q

In what population and at what age do peripheral ossifying granulomas most commonly occur?

A

At 15, 2/3 in females

45
Q

What is the treatment for a peripheral ossifying fibroma?

A

Surgical excision down to the underlying bown, and scaling of the adjacent teeth

46
Q

Is it common for peripheral ossifying fibromas to recur?

A

No, 15% recur

47
Q

What term describes a benign tumor of fat?

A

Lipoma

48
Q

A lipoma is the most common ____ _______.

A

Most common mesenchymal neoplasm

49
Q

Where do lipomas usually occur?

A

On that trunk, but intraorally they occur on the buccal mucosa

50
Q

In what population and at what age are lipomas most common?

A

In obese patients, and most patients are older than 40

51
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a lipoma?

A

A yellow or mucosal colored soft, smooth surfaced nodular mass

52
Q

What is the diagnostic characteristic of lipomas?

A

They float in formalin

53
Q

How are lipomas treated?

A

Surgical excision

54
Q

What term describes a proliferation of neural tissue?

A

Neuroma

55
Q

What are the 2 types of neuromas?

A

Traumatic neuromaor palisaded encapsulated neuroma

56
Q

What is the most common location for a traumatic neuroma?

A

Most common in the mental foramen area

57
Q

Why are traumatic neuromas not true neoplasms?

A

Because they occur after nerve injury

58
Q

What is the treatment for traumatic neuroma?

A

Surgical excision

59
Q

What term describes a benign neural neoplasm of schwann cell origin?

A

Schwannoma

60
Q

What is another name for schwannoma?

A

Neurilemoma

61
Q

Describe the growth of a schwannoma

A

A slow growing, encapsulated tumor which arises in association with a nerve trunk, and is typically asymptomatic

62
Q

In what population are schwannomas most common?

A

In young and middle aged adults

63
Q

What is the most common site of occurence of schwannomas?

A

The tongue

64
Q

What are the histopathologic features of a schwannoma?

A

Antoni A and Antoni B features

65
Q

Describe Antoni A

A

Streaming fascicles of spindle-shaped Schwann cells which form a palisaded arrangement around central acellular, eosinophilic areas known as verocay bodies

66
Q

What is the most common type of peripheral nerve neoplasm?

A

Neurofibroma

67
Q

Neurofibromas can be a component of what disease?

A

Neurofibromatosis, or they can arise as solitary tumors

68
Q

In what population are neurofibromas most common?

A

In young adults

69
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of neurofibromas?

A

Slow growing, soft, painless lesions

70
Q

Where do neurofibromas most commonly occur?

A

In skin, but intraorally they occur on the tongue and the buccal mucosa

71
Q

How are neurofibromas treated?

A

Surgical excision, but any patient with a lesion diagnosed as a neurofibroma must be evaluated for neurofibromatosis

72
Q

What is the most common form of neurofibromatosis?

A

Neurofibromatosis type I

73
Q

What is another name for neurofibromatosis type I?

A

von Recklinghausen’s disease of the skin

74
Q

Is NF type I autosomal dominant or recessive?

A

Autosomal dominant

75
Q

What is the pathognomonic characteristic or NF I?

A

Plexiform variant of neurofibromatosis

76
Q

Describe plexiform variant of neurofibromatosis

A

Feels like a bag of worm

77
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis?

A

6+ cafe au lait macules that have coast of california border, 2+ NF or 1 plexiform NF, Crowe’s signs, optic glioma, 2+ iris hamartomas (lisch nodules), osseous lesion (like sphenoid dysplasia), 1st degree relative with NF1

78
Q

What are the oral manifestations of NF1? (oral manifestations occur in 90%)

A

Enlargement of the fungiform papilla (in 50%), intraoral neurofibromas (in 25%), enlargement of the mandibular foramen or canal

79
Q

What is treatment for NF1?

A

Prevention or management of complications, and genetic counseling is extremely important

80
Q

What malignancies are associated with NF1?

A

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (up to 5%), and other various malignancies

81
Q

What is a characteristic feature of neurofibromatosis type II?

A

Bilateral schwannomas of auditory vestibular nerve

82
Q

Is NF II autosomal recessive or dominant?

A

Autosomal dominant

83
Q

What is the cause of NF II?

A

Mutation of a tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 22

84
Q

What are the other features of NFII?

A

Acoustic neuromas of vestibular nerve, meningiomas and ependymomas of the CNS

85
Q

What are some symptoms of NFII?

A

Deafness, dizziness, tinnitus

Oral Pathology - My deck (22 decks)

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