Chapter 2 Flashcards
What are some common factors that can result in enamel abnormalities?
Birth related trauma, chemicals (tetracycline, fluoride), radiation therapy, infections (chicken pox, syphilis), malnutrition, metabolic disorders, neurological disorders
When do crowns of deciduous teeth generally develop?
About the 14 week of gestation through the 12 month of age
When do crowns of permanent dentition generally develop?
About 6 months of age to 15 years.
What is the term used to describe enamel defects seen in permanent teeth caused by periapical inflammatory disease of the overlying deciduous teeth?
Turner’s hyperplasia
What teeth is Turner’s hyperplasia most commonly seen?
Permanent bicuspids.
Is dental fluorosis an intrinsic or extrinsic defect?
Intrinsic
Congenital syphilis can cause _______.
Hutchinson’s Triad
What are the components of Hutchinson’t triad?
Hutchinson’s teeth (look like a straight edge screwdriver + mulberry molars + notched teeth), interstitial keratitis, 8th nerve deafness
Possibly saddle nose
Define attrition
Loss of tooth structure caused by tooth to tooth contact. Ex: Bruxism
Define abrasion
Loss of tooth structure caused by other objects. Ex: tooth brush abrasion
Define demastication
Loss of tooth structure exhibits features of both attrition and abrasion. Ex: chewing tobacco
Define erosion/corrosion
Loss of tooth structure caused by nonbacterial chemical process
Define perimolysis
Erosion from dental exposure to gastric secretions (GRD, bulimia)
Define abfraction
Loss of tooth structure from occlusal stresses to create repeated tooth flexure
What is the term used to describe a lack of tooth development?
Anodontia
When does anodontia usually occur?
Most cases occur in the presence of hereditary hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (conical teeth).
What is the term used to describe a lack of one or more teeth?
Hypodontia
What is the term used to describe a lack of 6 or more teeth?
Oligodontia
What teeth are most commonly congenitally missing?
3rd molars, then 2nd premolars and lateral incisors
What term is used to describe supernumerary teeth?
Hyperdontia
What is the most common site of hyperdontia?
Maxillary incisor region. The tooth is called a mesiodens.
What term is used to describe when a tooth erupts in an abnormal location?
Transposition
What term is used to describe when a tooth fails to fully erupt (i.e. line of occlusion)?
Ankylosis
Describe gemination
A single enlarged tooth in which the tooth count is normal when the anomalous tooth is counted as one
Describe fusion
A single enlarged tooth in which the tooth count is reveals a missing tooth when the anomalous tooth is counted as one
Describe concrescence
Union of two or more adjacent teeth by cementum alone
What term is used to describe a bend in the tooth root?
Dilaceration
What is the most common direction for a dilaceration to exist in?
A distal bend
Which teeth are most commonly affected by dens evaginatus?
Premolar teeth (mandibular) and is usually bilateral
In which population is dens evaginatus prevalence is high?
Native Americans, Inuit, and Asians
What term is used to describe a deep invagination of the crown or root that is lined by enamel?
Dens in dente aka dens invaginatus
What teeth are most commonly affected by dens in dente/dens invaginatus?
Permanent lateral incisors > central incisors> premolars > canines
What term describes ectopic enamel?
Enamel pearl
What term is used to describe an enlargement of the body and pulp chamber of a multi-rooted tooth, with apical displacement of the pulpal floor?
Taurodontism
What syndromes/conditions are commonly associated with taurodontism?
Kleinfelter syndrome, amelogenesis imperfecta, tricho-dento-osseous syndrome
In addition to taurodontism, what other findings are present in tricho-dento-osseous syndrome?
Kinky hair, osetosclerosis and brittle nails
What term describes a non-neoplastic deposition of excessive cementum that is continuous with the normal radicular cementum?
Hypercementosis
What are some local factors that are associated with hypercementosis?
Occlusal trauma and adjacent inflammation
What disease is strongly associated with generalized hypercementosis?
Paget’s disease of bone
What term describes developmental alteration in the structure of enamel in the absence of a systemic disorder?
Amelogenesis imperfecta
What are the 3 main categories of amelogenesis imperfecta?
Hypoplastic, hypomaturation, hypocalcified
Describe hypoplastic amelopgenesis imperfecta
Inadequate deposition of enamel matrix. Any matrix present is mineralized appropriately. Typically presents as pinpoints scattered across the tooth surface.
Describe hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfeccta
Enamel matrix is laid down appropriately and begins to mineralize, but there is a defect in the maturation of the enamel’s crystal structure. Teeth are normal in shape but can be mottled, and discolored, or snow capped. Enamel is soft and chips away from dentin.
Describe hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfeca
Enamel matrix is laid down appropriately but no mineralization occurs. Teeth are appropriately shaped, but enamel is soft and easily lost, Teeth are yellow brown and become brown to black with rapid calculus apposition.
What are the main problems of amelogenesis imperfecta? (8)
Esthetics, dental sensitivity, loss of vertical dimension, increased prevalence of caries, anterior open bite, delayed eruption, tooth impaction and gingival inflammation
What term is used to describe a hereditary developmental disturbance of dentin in the absence of any systemic disorder?
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
A mutation in what gene causes DI?
The dentin sialophosphoprotein gene (DSPP)
What term is used to describe DI if it occurs with osteogenesis imperfecta?
Osteogenesis imperfecta with opalescent teeth
In addition to DI, what are the other characteristics of osteogenesis imperfecta?
Blue sclera, and prone to bone fractures
What mutation causes osteogenesis imperfecta?
COL1A1 and COL1A2
In what population does DI occur?
Causcasians
What does DI clinically look like?
Blue to brown discoloration in crowns with distinctive translucence
What does DI look like in a radiograph?
Bulbous crowns, cervical constriction, thin roots, no root canals or pulp chambers
What term describes when there is normal thickness enamel with extremely thin dentin and dramatically enlarged pulp chambers?
Shell teeth
Shell teeth are commonly seen in _________ teeth.
Deciduous teeth
What term describes altered dentin that has no correlation with systemic disease or DI?
Dentin dysplasia
What are the 2 major patterns of dentin dysplasia?
Type I and Type II
Describe Type I dentin dysplasia
“Rootless teeth” - clinically normal appearance of crowns, but radicular dentin loses organization and is shortened dramatically.
Describe Type II dentin dysplasia
Clinically looks very similar to dentinogenesis imperfecta, where crowns are blue to amber to brown translucence. However, there may be altered pulpal anatomy of cat tail tube-shaped (hot dog on a stick), or pulp stones.
True or False: Type I and Type II dentin dysplasia are autosomal recessive diseases.
False, Type I and Type II dentin dysplasia are autosomal dominant diseases.
What term describes a localized, non-hereditary developmental abnormality of teeth with extensive adverse effects on the formation of enamel, dentin, and pulp?
Regional odontodysplasia (aka “ghost teeth” because there is extensive malformation of teeth)
Describe the radiographic presentation of regional odontodysplasia.
“ghost teeth”, teeth usually don’t even erupt, with abnormal enamel and internal resorption. Usually occurs in a quadrant of the mouth.
What term describes trauma to the soft tissue caused by natal teeth?
Riga Fede Disease
