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Oral Pathology - My deck > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some common factors that can result in enamel abnormalities?

A

Birth related trauma, chemicals (tetracycline, fluoride), radiation therapy, infections (chicken pox, syphilis), malnutrition, metabolic disorders, neurological disorders

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2
Q

When do crowns of deciduous teeth generally develop?

A

About the 14 week of gestation through the 12 month of age

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3
Q

When do crowns of permanent dentition generally develop?

A

About 6 months of age to 15 years.

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4
Q

What is the term used to describe enamel defects seen in permanent teeth caused by periapical inflammatory disease of the overlying deciduous teeth?

A

Turner’s hyperplasia

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5
Q

What teeth is Turner’s hyperplasia most commonly seen?

A

Permanent bicuspids.

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6
Q

Is dental fluorosis an intrinsic or extrinsic defect?

A

Intrinsic

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7
Q

Congenital syphilis can cause _______.

A

Hutchinson’s Triad

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8
Q

What are the components of Hutchinson’t triad?

A

Hutchinson’s teeth (look like a straight edge screwdriver + mulberry molars + notched teeth), interstitial keratitis, 8th nerve deafness

Possibly saddle nose

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9
Q

Define attrition

A

Loss of tooth structure caused by tooth to tooth contact. Ex: Bruxism

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10
Q

Define abrasion

A

Loss of tooth structure caused by other objects. Ex: tooth brush abrasion

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11
Q

Define demastication

A

Loss of tooth structure exhibits features of both attrition and abrasion. Ex: chewing tobacco

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12
Q

Define erosion/corrosion

A

Loss of tooth structure caused by nonbacterial chemical process

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13
Q

Define perimolysis

A

Erosion from dental exposure to gastric secretions (GRD, bulimia)

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14
Q

Define abfraction

A

Loss of tooth structure from occlusal stresses to create repeated tooth flexure

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15
Q

What is the term used to describe a lack of tooth development?

A

Anodontia

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16
Q

When does anodontia usually occur?

A

Most cases occur in the presence of hereditary hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (conical teeth).

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17
Q

What is the term used to describe a lack of one or more teeth?

A

Hypodontia

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18
Q

What is the term used to describe a lack of 6 or more teeth?

A

Oligodontia

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19
Q

What teeth are most commonly congenitally missing?

A

3rd molars, then 2nd premolars and lateral incisors

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20
Q

What term is used to describe supernumerary teeth?

A

Hyperdontia

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21
Q

What is the most common site of hyperdontia?

A

Maxillary incisor region. The tooth is called a mesiodens.

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22
Q

What term is used to describe when a tooth erupts in an abnormal location?

A

Transposition

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23
Q

What term is used to describe when a tooth fails to fully erupt (i.e. line of occlusion)?

A

Ankylosis

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24
Q

Describe gemination

A

A single enlarged tooth in which the tooth count is normal when the anomalous tooth is counted as one

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25
Q

Describe fusion

A

A single enlarged tooth in which the tooth count is reveals a missing tooth when the anomalous tooth is counted as one

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26
Q

Describe concrescence

A

Union of two or more adjacent teeth by cementum alone

27
Q

What term is used to describe a bend in the tooth root?

A

Dilaceration

28
Q

What is the most common direction for a dilaceration to exist in?

A

A distal bend

29
Q

Which teeth are most commonly affected by dens evaginatus?

A

Premolar teeth (mandibular) and is usually bilateral

30
Q

In which population is dens evaginatus prevalence is high?

A

Native Americans, Inuit, and Asians

31
Q

What term is used to describe a deep invagination of the crown or root that is lined by enamel?

A

Dens in dente aka dens invaginatus

32
Q

What teeth are most commonly affected by dens in dente/dens invaginatus?

A

Permanent lateral incisors > central incisors> premolars > canines

33
Q

What term describes ectopic enamel?

A

Enamel pearl

34
Q

What term is used to describe an enlargement of the body and pulp chamber of a multi-rooted tooth, with apical displacement of the pulpal floor?

A

Taurodontism

35
Q

What syndromes/conditions are commonly associated with taurodontism?

A

Kleinfelter syndrome, amelogenesis imperfecta, tricho-dento-osseous syndrome

36
Q

In addition to taurodontism, what other findings are present in tricho-dento-osseous syndrome?

A

Kinky hair, osetosclerosis and brittle nails

37
Q

What term describes a non-neoplastic deposition of excessive cementum that is continuous with the normal radicular cementum?

A

Hypercementosis

38
Q

What are some local factors that are associated with hypercementosis?

A

Occlusal trauma and adjacent inflammation

39
Q

What disease is strongly associated with generalized hypercementosis?

A

Paget’s disease of bone

40
Q

What term describes developmental alteration in the structure of enamel in the absence of a systemic disorder?

A

Amelogenesis imperfecta

41
Q

What are the 3 main categories of amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

Hypoplastic, hypomaturation, hypocalcified

42
Q

Describe hypoplastic amelopgenesis imperfecta

A

Inadequate deposition of enamel matrix. Any matrix present is mineralized appropriately. Typically presents as pinpoints scattered across the tooth surface.

43
Q

Describe hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfeccta

A

Enamel matrix is laid down appropriately and begins to mineralize, but there is a defect in the maturation of the enamel’s crystal structure. Teeth are normal in shape but can be mottled, and discolored, or snow capped. Enamel is soft and chips away from dentin.

44
Q

Describe hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfeca

A

Enamel matrix is laid down appropriately but no mineralization occurs. Teeth are appropriately shaped, but enamel is soft and easily lost, Teeth are yellow brown and become brown to black with rapid calculus apposition.

45
Q

What are the main problems of amelogenesis imperfecta? (8)

A

Esthetics, dental sensitivity, loss of vertical dimension, increased prevalence of caries, anterior open bite, delayed eruption, tooth impaction and gingival inflammation

46
Q

What term is used to describe a hereditary developmental disturbance of dentin in the absence of any systemic disorder?

A

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

47
Q

A mutation in what gene causes DI?

A

The dentin sialophosphoprotein gene (DSPP)

48
Q

What term is used to describe DI if it occurs with osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta with opalescent teeth

49
Q

In addition to DI, what are the other characteristics of osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Blue sclera, and prone to bone fractures

50
Q

What mutation causes osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

COL1A1 and COL1A2

51
Q

In what population does DI occur?

A

Causcasians

52
Q

What does DI clinically look like?

A

Blue to brown discoloration in crowns with distinctive translucence

53
Q

What does DI look like in a radiograph?

A

Bulbous crowns, cervical constriction, thin roots, no root canals or pulp chambers

54
Q

What term describes when there is normal thickness enamel with extremely thin dentin and dramatically enlarged pulp chambers?

A

Shell teeth

55
Q

Shell teeth are commonly seen in _________ teeth.

A

Deciduous teeth

56
Q

What term describes altered dentin that has no correlation with systemic disease or DI?

A

Dentin dysplasia

57
Q

What are the 2 major patterns of dentin dysplasia?

A

Type I and Type II

58
Q

Describe Type I dentin dysplasia

A

“Rootless teeth” - clinically normal appearance of crowns, but radicular dentin loses organization and is shortened dramatically.

59
Q

Describe Type II dentin dysplasia

A

Clinically looks very similar to dentinogenesis imperfecta, where crowns are blue to amber to brown translucence. However, there may be altered pulpal anatomy of cat tail tube-shaped (hot dog on a stick), or pulp stones.

60
Q

True or False: Type I and Type II dentin dysplasia are autosomal recessive diseases.

A

False, Type I and Type II dentin dysplasia are autosomal dominant diseases.

61
Q

What term describes a localized, non-hereditary developmental abnormality of teeth with extensive adverse effects on the formation of enamel, dentin, and pulp?

A

Regional odontodysplasia (aka “ghost teeth” because there is extensive malformation of teeth)

62
Q

Describe the radiographic presentation of regional odontodysplasia.

A

“ghost teeth”, teeth usually don’t even erupt, with abnormal enamel and internal resorption. Usually occurs in a quadrant of the mouth.

63
Q

What term describes trauma to the soft tissue caused by natal teeth?

A

Riga Fede Disease

Oral Pathology - My deck (22 decks)

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