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PSY205 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

A

A stimulus that evokes any natural response

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2
Q

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A

A previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, come to invoke a conditioned response

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3
Q

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

A

An unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus

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4
Q

Conditioned Response (CR)

A

A learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus

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5
Q

Conditioned Taste Aversion

A

Adaption to the environment (survival method)

- bad experience with drinking

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6
Q

Conditioned emotional responses

Little Albert Study

A

Experiment by John Watson

Associating anything similar with the fear of white rats

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7
Q

Acquisition

A

the initial stage of learning a new response tendency

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8
Q

Extinction

A

Gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendency

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9
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A

Re-emergence of previously extinguished CR

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10
Q

Stimulus Generalization

A

occurs when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus responds in the same way to the new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus

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11
Q

Stimulus Discrimination

A

occurs when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus does NOT respond in the same way to the new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus

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12
Q

Operant conditioning

A

a form of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences

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13
Q

Skinner Box

A

small enclosure in which an animal can make a specific response that is systematically recorded while the consequences of the response are controlled

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14
Q

Reinforcement

A

occurs when an event following a response increases an organism’s tendency to make that response

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15
Q

Punishment

A

when an event following a response weakens the tendency to make that response

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16
Q

cumulative recorder

A

creates a graphic record of responding and reinforcement in a Skinner Box as a function of time

17
Q

shaping

A

the reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of a desired response

18
Q

primary reinforcers

A

events that are inherently reinforcing because the satisfy biological needs

19
Q

secondary reinforcers

A

events that acquire reinforcing qualities by being associated with primary reinforcers

20
Q

positive reinforcement

A

when a response is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus

21
Q

negative reinforcement

A

when a response is strengthened because it is followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus

22
Q

negative punishment

A

Jason made fun of his sister at the dinner table. As a result, his parents said he could not watch TV the rest of the week. Jason’s parents are using…

23
Q

continous reinforcement

A

occurs when every instance of a designated response is reinforced

24
Q

intermittent reinforcement

A

occurs when a designated response is reinforced only some of the time

25
Q

fixed ratio

A

reinforcer is given after a fixed number of non-reinforced responses

26
Q

fixed interval

A

reinforcer is given for the first response that occurs after a fixed time interval

27
Q

variable ratio

A

reinforcer is given after a variable number of non-reinforced responses

28
Q

variable interval

A

reinforcer is given for the first response that occurs after a variable time interval

29
Q

observational learning

A

when an organism’s responding is influenced by the observation of others

30
Q

Bobo Doll Study

A

Albert Bandura, In the Bobo doll study, young children who saw an adult beating up a Bobo doll beat up the Bobo doll when they were allowed to play with it.

31
Q

TV violence on behavior

A

early study on relationship between TV depiction of aggression and increased aggressive behavior in children

32
Q

schedule of reinforcement

A

specific pattern of presentation of reinforcers over time

PSY205 (10 decks)

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