Chapter 4

Question 1

Psychophysics

Answer 1

study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

Question 2

Sensation

Answer 2

stimulation of sense organs

Question 3

Perception

Answer 3

The selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input

Question 4

Why are illusions effective?

Answer 4

We rely heavily on sight, much of our sensation and subsequent perception starts with visual cues

Question 5

Synesthesia

Answer 5

A neurological condition which leads to unusual sensory experiences

Question 6

Lens

Answer 6

transparent eye structure that focuses the light rays falling on the retina

Question 7

Pupil

Answer 7

opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye

Question 8

Retina

Answer 8

neural tissue lining the inside back surface of the eye. Absorbs light, processes images, send visual info to the brain
FLIPS image we see

Question 9

Cornea

Answer 9

Transparent window at the front of eye

Question 10

Iris

Answer 10

colored ring of muscle surrounding the pupil

Question 11

Rods

Answer 11

visual receptors
night and peripheral vision
sensitive to dim light

Question 12

Cones

Answer 12

Visual receptors
daylight and color vision
visual acuity

Question 13

Dark adaptation

Answer 13

the process where the eyes become more sensitive to light in low illumination

Question 14

Light adaptation

Answer 14

the process in which the eyes become less sensitive to light in high illumination

Question 15

Optic Chiasm

Answer 15

the point at which axons from the inside half of each eye cross over and then project to the opposite half of the brain

Question 16

Trichromatic Theory

Answer 16

The colors we see are the result of a combination of the differing amount of light absorbed by the 3 types of cones (Red, Green, Blue)

Question 17

Monochromats

Answer 17

People who are totally colorblind

Question 18

Dichromats

Answer 18

People who are blond to either red-green or yellow-blue

Question 19

Opponent Process Theory

Answer 19

Color perception depends on receptors that make antagonistic responses to three pairs of colors
Red-Green, Yellow-Blue, Black-White

Question 20

Synesthesia

Answer 20

A neurological condition which leads to unusual sensory experiences

Question 21

Optic disk

Answer 21

a hole in the back of the retina with nerves-Blind spot

Question 22

Perceptual process

Answer 22

Depends on

1. expectations
2. attention (inattentional blindness)
3. selection of sensory input

Question 23

Bottom up processing

Answer 23

a progression from individual elements to a whole

Question 24

Top down processing

Answer 24

a progression from the whole to the elements

Question 25

Perceptual set

Answer 25

A readiness to perceive something in a particular way

Question 26

Inattentional blindness

Answer 26

Change blindness-Person Swap Experiment