Chapter 14

Question 1

Medical Model Applied to Abnormal Behavior

Answer 1

it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease

Question 2

Diagnosis

Answer 2

distinguishing one illness from another

Question 3

Etiology

Answer 3

the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness

Question 4

Prognosis

Answer 4

a forecast about the probable course of an illness

Question 5

Deviance

Answer 5

when a person’s behavior deviates from what is socially acceptable

Question 6

Maladaptive behavior

Answer 6

everyday adaptive behavior is impaired

Question 7

Personal distress

Answer 7

based on individual’s report of personal distress, caused by depression and other anxiety disorders

Question 8

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 8

marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat

Question 9

specific phobia

Answer 9

a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger

Question 10

panic disorder

Answer 10

characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly

Question 11

agoraphobia

Answer 11

fear of going out in public places

Question 12

OCD

Answer 12

marked by persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts and urges to engage in senseless rituals

Question 13

PTSD

Answer 13

enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event

Question 14

Dissociative disorders

Answer 14

a class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness of memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity

Question 15

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 15

a sudden loss of memory for important personal info that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting

Question 16

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Answer 16

a disruption of identity marked by the experience of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities

Question 17

Major depressive disorder

Answer 17

people show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure

Question 18

bipolar disorder

Answer 18

marked by the experience of both depressed and manic periods

Question 19

Schizophrenia

Answer 19

a disorder marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking and speech, and deterioration of adaptive behavior

Question 20

Delusions

Answer 20

false beliefs that are maintained even though they clearly are maintained even though they clearly are out of touch with reality

Question 21

Positive vs. Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Answer 21

See Table, P. 511

Question 22

Autism Spectrum Disorders

Answer 22

profound impairment of social interaction and communication and severely restricted interests and activities, usually apparent by the age of 3

Question 23

Personalities Disorders

Answer 23

a class of disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning

Question 24

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 24

marked by impulsive, callous, manipulative, aggressive, and irresponsible behavior

Question 25

borderline personality disorder

Answer 25

marked by instability in social relationships, self-image, and emotional functioning

Question 26

narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 26

marked by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a sense of entitlement, and an excessive need for attention and admiration

Question 27

Hallucinations

Answer 27

sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus or are gross distortions of perceptual input

Question 28

histrionic personality disorder

Answer 28

overly dramatic; tending to exaggerated expressions of emotion; egocentric, seeking attention

Question 29

dysthymia

Answer 29

a mood disorder similar to depression, with less severe but longer-lasting symptoms.

Question 30

Criteria for abnormal behavior

Answer 30

deviance, maladaptive behavior, personal distress

Question 31

DSM

Answer 31

a book used for classifying psychological disorders

Question 32

Common stereotypes about psychological disorders

Answer 32

“People with psychological disorders are often violent and dangerous.” “People with psychological disorders behave in bizarre ways and are very different from normal people.” “Psychological disorders are incurable.”