Chapter 6

Question 1

Study and treatment of the integumentary system

Answer 1

Dermatology

Question 2

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 2

Protection, excretion, temperature regulation, produce melanin, produce keratin, immune function, sensation

Question 3

What does the skin protect against?

Answer 3

impact, abrasion, chemicals, water loss, water gain

Question 4

What does the skin glands excrete?

Answer 4

salt, water, organic waste

Question 5

Conserves heat

Answer 5

vasoconstrict

Question 6

lose heat

Answer 6

vasodilate

Question 7

protects from UV radiation

Answer 7

melanin

Question 8

protects abrasion and is water resistant

Answer 8

keratin

Question 9

steroid important for calcium metabolism

Answer 9

vitamin D3

Question 10

what types of sensation does the integumentary system feel?

Answer 10

touch, pressure, pain, temperature

Question 11

serves as a energy reservoir and provides insulation

Answer 11

hypodermis

Question 12

fiber that provides strong stretch resistance

Answer 12

collagen

Question 13

fiber that permits stretching and recoiling

Answer 13

elastic fiber

Question 14

what fibers does the dermis contain?

Answer 14

collagen and elastic

Question 15

what are the 2 layers of the dermis?

Answer 15

papillary, reticular

Question 16

deep layer of dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 16

reticular layer

Question 17

superficial layer of areolar connective tissue; nipple like projections that interlock with the epidermis

Answer 17

papillary

Question 18

made up of stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 18

epidermis

Question 19

single layer at the bottom of the epidermis

Answer 19

stratum basale

Question 20

stem cells which divide to replace lost or shed superficial keratinocytes

Answer 20

basale cell

Question 21

cells for sense of touch

Answer 21

merkel

Question 22

produces pigment to protect from UV radiation

Answer 22

melanin

Question 23

contains cells called epidermal dentritic cells; 8-10 layers of keratinocytes held together with desmosomes

Answer 23

stratum spinosum

Question 24

cells make a large amount of keratin and become thinner as nuclei and organelles disintegrate

Answer 24

stratum granulosum

Question 25

clear layer that is only seen in palms and soles

Answer 25

stratum lucidum

Question 26

top most layer of epidermis; made up of dead keratinized cells

Answer 26

stratum corneum

Question 27

protein in red blood cells that turn bring red when bound with oxygen

Answer 27

hemoglobin

Question 28

what is the amount of melanin determined by?

Answer 28

heredity and light exposure

Question 29

yellow-orange pigment acquired from yellow-orange vegetables

Answer 29

carotene

Question 30

recessive trait that results in enzymes needed to produce melanin to be nonfunctional

Answer 30

albinism

Question 31

localized overgrowth of melanocytes

Answer 31

moles

Question 32

localized increase in melanocyte activity

Answer 32

freckles

Question 33

folds and valleys in dermis and epidermis to increase friction in fingers, toes, palms, and soles

Answer 33

friction ridges

Question 34

dead keratinized cells growing from a hair follicle

Answer 34

hair

Question 35

fine, unpigmented downy hair on fetus in third trimester

Answer 35

lanugo hair

Question 36

fine, unpigmented/ lightly pigmented hair on limbs

Answer 36

vellus hair

Question 37

coarse, pigmented hair on scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, etc.

Answer 37

terminal hair

Question 38

what are the functions of hair?

Answer 38

protection, facial expression, heat retention, sensory reception, visual identification, chemical signal dispersal

Question 39

how is the hair shaft elevated?

Answer 39

contracting arrector pillae

Question 40

when is the hair shaft elevated?

Answer 40

stage of fear, cold temperatures

Question 41

oil glands

Answer 41

sebaceous

Question 42

oil which coats and lubricates hair shaft

Answer 42

sebum

Question 43

merocrine gland secreting a watery solution for flushing epidermal surface

Answer 43

sweat glands

Question 44

what are the 2 types of sweat glands?

Answer 44

apocrine and merocrine

Question 45

where are apocrine sweat glands found?

Answer 45

armpit, nipples, groin, anus

Question 46

what method does apocrine sweat glands use?

Answer 46

merocrine

Question 47

complex viscous secretion for olfactory communication

Answer 47

apocrine

Question 48

where are merocrine sweat glands found?

Answer 48

throughout the skin

Question 49

what is the apocrine controlled by?

Answer 49

endocrine system

Question 50

what is the merocrine controlled by?

Answer 50

nervous sytem

Question 51

secretes watery solution for thermoregulation and excretion

Answer 51

merocrine sweat glands

Question 52

keratinized sweat cells which are tightly compacted

Answer 52

nails

Question 53

what are the functions of nails?

Answer 53

protects tips of fingers and toes from mechanical stress

Question 54

vitamin D3 is also known as...

Answer 54

cholecalciferol

Question 55

required for normal absorption for calcium and phosphorus

Answer 55

calcitriol

Question 56

what happens if there is not enough calcitriol?

Answer 56

bone growth and maintenance would be impaired

Question 57

bones lack rigidity since bones lack the necessary amount of calcium and phosphorus

Answer 57

rickets

Question 58

what is rickets caused by?

Answer 58

no exposure to sunlight or vitamin D3 in diet

Question 59

what are 2 ways that the integumentary system repairs itself?

Answer 59

regeneration, fibrosis

Question 60

what are the 4 steps to fibrosis?

Answer 60

bleeding occurs, blood clot forms blocking pathogens, blood vessels regenerate and granulation tissue forms, epithelium regenerates and form scar tissue