Chapter 4

Question 1

outer limiting barrier separating internal contents of the cell from the external environment

Answer 1

Plasma membrane

Question 2

largest cellular structure that houses DNA

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

all material between plasma membrane and nucleus

Answer 3

cytoplasm

Question 4

intracellular structures for specific functions

Answer 4

organelles

Question 5

clusters of a single type of molecule

Answer 5

inclusions

Question 6

what are the functions for the plasma membrane?

Answer 6

physical barrier, selective permeability, electrochemical gradient, communication

Question 7

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Answer 7

selective permeability

Question 8

establishes and maintains electrical charge differences

Answer 8

Electrochemical gradient

Question 9

makes up majority of plasma membrane

Answer 9

phospholipids

Question 10

phosphate heads are _____

Answer 10

hydrophilic

Question 11

fatty acid tails are ______

Answer 11

hydrophobic

Question 12

strengthens plasma membrane

Answer 12

cholesterol

Question 13

forms a coat of sugars around the cell

Answer 13

glycolipids

Question 14

proteins embedded within and extend across the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 14

integral proteins

Question 15

proteins with a loose attachment to integral proteins

Answer 15

peripheral proteins

Question 16

facilitates the movement of substances across the membrane

Answer 16

transport protein

Question 17

bind specific molecules called ligands

Answer 17

receptors

Question 18

communicate to other cells what they are and where they belong

Answer 18

identity marker

Question 19

catalyze reactions either on the inner or outer surface of the cell

Answer 19

enzymes

Question 20

secures the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane

Answer 20

anchoring site

Question 21

holds neighboring cells together

Answer 21

cell adhesion protein

Question 22

can pass through phospholipid bilayer

Answer 22

permeable

Question 23

cannot pass through the phospholipid

Answer 23

non-permeable

Question 24

what is permeable?

Answer 24

small non polar solutes

Question 25

what is non-permeable?

Answer 25

charged solutes, polar solutes, large solutes

Question 26

doesn't require ATP

Answer 26

passive transport

Question 27

random movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Answer 27

diffusion

Question 28

difference in concentration

Answer 28

concentration gradient

Question 29

diffusion through the lipid bilayer

Answer 29

simple diffusion

Question 30

what does simple diffusion transport?

Answer 30

gases, nonpolar fatty acids, ethanol, urea

Question 31

diffusion of specific solutes through integral channel proteins

Answer 31

channel mediated facilitated diffusion

Question 32

what do channel mediated facilitate diffusion transport?

Answer 32

small ions

Question 33

what are the 2 types of channels?

Answer 33

leak, gated

Question 34

integral carrier protein binds with target solute and changes shape to move the solute to the other side of the membrane

Answer 34

carrier mediated facilitated diffusion

Question 35

what do carrier mediated facilitated diffusion transport?

Answer 35

simple sugars, amino acids

Question 36

movement of water from an area of low non-permeable particle concentration to high non-permeable concentration

Answer 36

osmosis

Question 37

description of how the solution affects a cells shape or tone

Answer 37

tonicity

Question 38

solution does not cause water to flow in or out of the cell

Answer 38

isotonic

Question 39

solution resultes in osmotic flow into the cell, causes cell to swell

Answer 39

hypotonic

Question 40

cell bursts due to too much water in cell

Answer 40

lysis

Question 41

resultes in osmotic flow out of the cell, causes cell to shrivel

Answer 41

hypertonic

Question 42

cells shrinks

Answer 42

crenate

Question 43

the force with which war moves as a result of solute concentration

Answer 43

osmotic pressure

Question 44

force on a fluid as a result of its container or external force

Answer 44

hydrostatic pressure

Question 45

requires ATP

Answer 45

active transport

Question 46

carrier proteins move solutes using ATP

Answer 46

carrier mediated active transport

Question 47

pumps bound solutes across against the concentration gradient

Answer 47

primary active transport

Question 48

moves solute against its gradient by moving it in conjunction with a solid going down its gradient

Answer 48

secondary active transport

Question 49

substance moves in the same direction

Answer 49

symport

Question 50

substance moves in opposite direction

Answer 50

antiport

Question 51

vesicles move large substances or large amounts

Answer 51

vesicular transport

Question 52

vesicles within cell fuse with plasma membrane to release contents

Answer 52

exocytosis

Question 53

formation of a vesicle at the cell surface to bring material into the cell

Answer 53

endocytosis

Question 54

cell eating

Answer 54

phagocytosis

Question 55

cell drinking

Answer 55

pinocytosis

Question 56

gathers specific target molecules to be brought into the cell

Answer 56

receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 57

electrical charge difference across the membrane at rest

Answer 57

resting membrane potential

Question 58

ECF has a high concentration of

Answer 58

sodium ions

Question 59

ICF has a high concentration of

Answer 59

potassium ions

Question 60

what gradient do potassium ions follow?

Answer 60

chemical

Question 61

what gradient do sodium ions follow?

Answer 61

electrical and chemical

Question 62

sodium potassium pump removes ____ for every ___ put back into the cell

Answer 62

3NA, 2K

Question 63

how does the RPM communicate?

Answer 63

by opening and closing ion gated channels