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BMS 250 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

outer limiting barrier separating internal contents of the cell from the external environment

A

Plasma membrane

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2
Q

largest cellular structure that houses DNA

A

nucleus

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3
Q

all material between plasma membrane and nucleus

A

cytoplasm

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4
Q

intracellular structures for specific functions

A

organelles

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5
Q

clusters of a single type of molecule

A

inclusions

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6
Q

what are the functions for the plasma membrane?

A

physical barrier, selective permeability, electrochemical gradient, communication

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7
Q

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

A

selective permeability

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8
Q

establishes and maintains electrical charge differences

A

Electrochemical gradient

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9
Q

makes up majority of plasma membrane

A

phospholipids

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10
Q

phosphate heads are _____

A

hydrophilic

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11
Q

fatty acid tails are ______

A

hydrophobic

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12
Q

strengthens plasma membrane

A

cholesterol

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13
Q

forms a coat of sugars around the cell

A

glycolipids

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14
Q

proteins embedded within and extend across the phospholipid bilayer

A

integral proteins

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15
Q

proteins with a loose attachment to integral proteins

A

peripheral proteins

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16
Q

facilitates the movement of substances across the membrane

A

transport protein

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17
Q

bind specific molecules called ligands

A

receptors

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18
Q

communicate to other cells what they are and where they belong

A

identity marker

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19
Q

catalyze reactions either on the inner or outer surface of the cell

A

enzymes

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20
Q

secures the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane

A

anchoring site

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21
Q

holds neighboring cells together

A

cell adhesion protein

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22
Q

can pass through phospholipid bilayer

A

permeable

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23
Q

cannot pass through the phospholipid

A

non-permeable

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24
Q

what is permeable?

A

small non polar solutes

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25
Q

what is non-permeable?

A

charged solutes, polar solutes, large solutes

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26
Q

doesn’t require ATP

A

passive transport

27
Q

random movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to low concentration

A

diffusion

28
Q

difference in concentration

A

concentration gradient

29
Q

diffusion through the lipid bilayer

A

simple diffusion

30
Q

what does simple diffusion transport?

A

gases, nonpolar fatty acids, ethanol, urea

31
Q

diffusion of specific solutes through integral channel proteins

A

channel mediated facilitated diffusion

32
Q

what do channel mediated facilitate diffusion transport?

A

small ions

33
Q

what are the 2 types of channels?

A

leak, gated

34
Q

integral carrier protein binds with target solute and changes shape to move the solute to the other side of the membrane

A

carrier mediated facilitated diffusion

35
Q

what do carrier mediated facilitated diffusion transport?

A

simple sugars, amino acids

36
Q

movement of water from an area of low non-permeable particle concentration to high non-permeable concentration

A

osmosis

37
Q

description of how the solution affects a cells shape or tone

A

tonicity

38
Q

solution does not cause water to flow in or out of the cell

A

isotonic

39
Q

solution resultes in osmotic flow into the cell, causes cell to swell

A

hypotonic

40
Q

cell bursts due to too much water in cell

A

lysis

41
Q

resultes in osmotic flow out of the cell, causes cell to shrivel

A

hypertonic

42
Q

cells shrinks

A

crenate

43
Q

the force with which war moves as a result of solute concentration

A

osmotic pressure

44
Q

force on a fluid as a result of its container or external force

A

hydrostatic pressure

45
Q

requires ATP

A

active transport

46
Q

carrier proteins move solutes using ATP

A

carrier mediated active transport

47
Q

pumps bound solutes across against the concentration gradient

A

primary active transport

48
Q

moves solute against its gradient by moving it in conjunction with a solid going down its gradient

A

secondary active transport

49
Q

substance moves in the same direction

A

symport

50
Q

substance moves in opposite direction

A

antiport

51
Q

vesicles move large substances or large amounts

A

vesicular transport

52
Q

vesicles within cell fuse with plasma membrane to release contents

A

exocytosis

53
Q

formation of a vesicle at the cell surface to bring material into the cell

A

endocytosis

54
Q

cell eating

A

phagocytosis

55
Q

cell drinking

A

pinocytosis

56
Q

gathers specific target molecules to be brought into the cell

A

receptor mediated endocytosis

57
Q

electrical charge difference across the membrane at rest

A

resting membrane potential

58
Q

ECF has a high concentration of

A

sodium ions

59
Q

ICF has a high concentration of

A

potassium ions

60
Q

what gradient do potassium ions follow?

A

chemical

61
Q

what gradient do sodium ions follow?

A

electrical and chemical

62
Q

sodium potassium pump removes ____ for every ___ put back into the cell

A

3NA, 2K

63
Q

how does the RPM communicate?

A

by opening and closing ion gated channels

BMS 250 (23 decks)

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