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BMS 250 > Chapter 12 (Part 2) > Flashcards

Chapter 12 (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Unequal charge distribution

A

Resting membrane potential

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2
Q

ECF has a high concentration of…

A

sodium ions

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3
Q

ICF has a high concentration of..

A

potassium ions and negative charged proteins

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4
Q

What is the resting potential of a neuron

A

-70mV

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5
Q

Created by uneven concentration of the molecules across the membrane

A

Chemical gradient

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6
Q

Created by the attraction between opposing chargesand repulsion from similar charges

A

Electrical gradient

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7
Q

Actively move molecules against its gradient

A

Pumps

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8
Q

What are the 2 pumps involved in the nervous system?

A

Na-K and calcium ion pump

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9
Q

Always open allowing ions to diffuse across the plasma membrane

A

Leak channels

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10
Q

Stimuli causes channels to open which changes the transmembrane potential

A

gated channels

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11
Q

Open/close when bound with specific chemicals

A

Chemically gated

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12
Q

Where are chemically gated channels found?

A

Soma, dendrite, muscle effectors

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13
Q

Open/close in response to change in transmembrane potential

A

Voltage-gated

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14
Q

Where are voltage gated channels found?

A

Membranes that generate action potentials

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15
Q

Open/close as a result of physical stimulation

A

Mechanically gated

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16
Q

Where are mechanically gated channels found?

A

Sensory receptors

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17
Q

Localized change in transmembrane potential

A

Graded potential

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18
Q

Change in transmembrane potential from a smaller negative value or positive value

A

Depolarization

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19
Q

What is depolarization caused by?

A

Na+ ions rushing into cell

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20
Q

Return to resting transmembrane potential

A

Repolarization

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21
Q

What is repolarization caused by?

A

Closing Na+ channels and opening K+ channels to let K+ out of the cell

22
Q

Change in transmembrane potential making the cell more negative

A

Hyperpolarization

23
Q

What is hyperpolarization caused by?

A

Opening K+ (let out K+) and Cl- channels (let Cl- in)

24
Q

Change in transmembrane potential that once initiated spread through the entire membrane

A

Action potential

25
What is the threshold membrane potential?
-55mV
26
If threshold is met, an action potential will be sent down, if it's not at -55mV, no action potential is sent
All-or-none law
27
Membrane incapable of sending another action potential at this time
Absolute refractory period
28
Membrane can send another action potential, but with only a large enough stimulus
Relative refractory period
29
What are the 2 modes of action potential transmission?
Continuous propagation, saltatory propagation
30
Where does continuous propagation happen?
Unmyelinated axons
31
Where does saltatory propagation happen?
Myelinated axons
32
AP moves in tiny steps along the axolemma
Continuous propagation
33
Ions cross membrane at nodes
Saltatory propagation
34
The larger the diameter the _____ AP propagation
Faster
35
Uses ATP to re-establish resting chemical gradients
Sodium potassium exchange pumps
36
Pups out ___ for every ___ brought back in
3 Na+, 2 K+
37
Site where neuron communicates with another cell
Synapse
38
Presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are locked together with gap junctions
Electrical synapse
39
Axon terminal releases neurotransmitters to communicate with postsynaptic cell
Chemical synapse
40
What is the most common type of synapse?
Chemical
41
Cell sending signal
Presynaptic cell
42
Narrow space between cells where neurotransmitters are released
Synaptic cleft
43
Cell receiving signal
Postsynaptic cell
44
Graded potentials in postsynaptic membrane in response to a neurotransmitter
Postsynaptic potentials
45
Cause localized depolarization making postsynaptic neuron closer to threshold
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
46
What do excitatory potentials open?
Na+ channel
47
Cause localized hyperpolarization making postsynaptic neurons further from threshold
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
48
What do inhibitory potentials open?
K+ or Cl- channels
49
Integration of effect of graded potentials on the postsynaptic membrane
Summation
50
Recurring activation of single synapse
Temporal summation
51
When multiple synapses signal postsynaptic membrane simultaneously their effects on transmembrane potential are cumulative
Spatial summation

BMS 250 (23 decks)

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