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BMS 250 > Chapter 12 (Part 1) > Flashcards

Chapter 12 (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general functions of the nervous system?

A

collect information, monitor change, process and evaluate information, integrate information, initiate response

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2
Q

What makes up the CNS?

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Where is the CNS located?

A

within skull and vertebral canal

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4
Q

What are the functions of the CNS?

A

Information processing, coordinating and distributing commands, memory storage

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5
Q

What makes up the PNS?

A

Nerves and ganglion

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6
Q

Collection of axons in the PNS

A

Nerve

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7
Q

Collection of cell bodies in the PNS

A

Ganglion

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8
Q

Where is the PNS located?

A

Throughout body except brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

What are the functions of the PNS?

A

Relay sensory to CNS, relay motor from CNS

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10
Q

Relay sensory information gained from receptors to CNS

A

Sensory (Afferent) Nervous System

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11
Q

Sensory structures which detect changes

A

Receptors

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12
Q

Detects timely we consciously perceive

A

Somatic sensory

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13
Q

What are the general senses somatic sensory detects?

A

Position, touch, temperature, pressure, pain

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14
Q

What are the special senses somatic sensory detects?

A

Taste, hear, smell, sight, balance

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15
Q

Detect stimuli we typically do not perceive

A

Visceral sensory

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16
Q

What types of information does visceral sensory perceive?

A

Internal organs, homeostasis

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17
Q

Initiates and transmits commands from CNS to effectors

A

Motor (efferent) nervous system

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18
Q

Target organs whose activities are directly changed by neural commands

A

Effectors

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19
Q

Where are effectors located?

A

Muscles, glands

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20
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the motor nervous system?

A

Somatic and autonomic

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21
Q

Voluntary/ conscious control

A

Somatic

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22
Q

Involuntary/unconscious control

A

Autonomic

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23
Q

What effectors are in the somatic nervous system?

A

skeletal muscles

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24
Q

What effectors are in the autonomic nervous system?

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

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25
What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic, parasympathetic
26
Functional unit of the nervous system
Neuron
27
Stimuli generates local changes in the resting membrane potential
Excitability
28
Electrical change can be quickly sent down the cell membrane using voltage gated channels
Conductivity
29
Release neurotransmitters in response to electrical change
Secretion
30
Most neurons formed in fetal development function throughout life
Extreme Longevity
31
Majority of neurons do not divide
Amitotic
32
Slender processes which receive stimuli
Dendrites
33
Fine processes at the end of dendrites
Dendritic spines
34
What part of the dendrite is where most information is received?
Dendritic spine
35
Contains nucleus and other organelles
Soma
36
What are the functions of the soma?
neuron control center, relay graded potentials to axon
37
Carries information in form of an electrical impulse, action potential to other cells
Axon
38
Base of axon where it attaches to the cell body
Axon hillock
39
Specialized plasma membrane of the axon
Axolemma
40
Branching of axon at distal end to increase contact points for communication
Axon terminal
41
End of axon where neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles
Synaptic knob
42
Moves material from soma to synaptic knob
Anterograde transport
43
Moves material from synaptic knob to soma
Retrograde transport
44
Small cells with all processes looking alike
Anaxonic
45
What can anaxonic neurons relay?
Graded potentials
46
Cell body lays off to the side of along continuous process which fuses the dendrites directly to the axon
Unipolar
47
Unipolar neurons make up majority of ___ neurons
sensory
48
Small cells with 2 distinct processes
Bipolar
49
Where are bipolar neurons located?
Sense organs for sight and smell
50
Have multiple processes coming of cell body with one being a distinct axon
Multipolar
51
Where are multipolar neurons located?
CNS
52
Carry signals from receptors to CNS
Afferent neurons
53
What type of neurons are most afferent neurons?
Unipolar
54
Cell bodies of multiple neurons grouping together
Sensory ganglion
55
Collection of sensory ganglion in the PNS
Ganglion
56
What types of information do somatic sensory neurons carry?
Outside world, proprioception
57
What types of information do visceral sensory neurons carry?
Internal conditions, organ systems
58
Communication link between neurons
Interneurons/ Association nuerons
59
Where are interneurons located?
CNS
60
What is the function of interneurons?
Higher functions (memory, planning, learning), distributes sensory information received from sensory neuron for association/integration and coordinates response
61
Carry commands from CNS to effectors
efferent neurons
62
What are the 2 types of efferent neurons?
Somatic motor, visceral motor
63
Consciously control
Somatic motor
64
Where do somatic motor neurons carry information to?
skeletal muscle
65
What part of the nervous system is the somatic motor neuron of
somatic
66
Involuntary control
Visceral motor
67
Where do visceral motor neurons carry information to?
Glands, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
68
What part of the nervous system are visceral motor neurons part of?
autonomic
69
Bundle of axons in the PNS
nerve
70
dense irregular connective tissue around whole nerve
Epineurium
71
Dense irregular connective tissue around fascicles
Perineurium
72
Areolar connective tissue around Schwann cells and axon
Endoneurium
73
What are the 2 structural nerve classifications?
Cranial and spinal
74
What are the 2 functional nerve classifications?
Sensory and motor
75
Carry sensory info from receptors to CNS
Sensory nerves
76
Carry commands from CNS to effector
Motor nerves
77
Carry both sensory and motor information in opposite directions
Mixed nerves
78
Cells which support and protect neurons
Neuroglia
79
Line fluid filled passageways of the CNS to produce, monitor, circulate cerebral spinal fluid
Ependymal cells
80
Provides protective cushion for brain and circulates gases, nutrients and wastes throughout CNS
Cerebral spinal fluid
81
Enlarged chambers within the brain
Ventricles
82
Opening connecting the lateral ventricles with the 3rd ventricle
Interventricular foramen
83
Passageway connecting the 3rd ventricle with the 4th ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct
84
Narrow passageway throughout the spinal cord
Central canal
85
Move throughout the CNS to phagocytize cellular debris, waste, and pathogens
Microglia
86
Largest and most numerous of glia in the CNS
Astrocyte
87
What are the functions of the astrocyte?
structural support, absorb and recycle neurotransmitters, neural development, form scar tissue, separate CNS from chemicals in blood
88
Stabilize position of axons in CNS as well as producing myelin
Oligodendrocyte
89
Membranous wrapping coating axon to increase speed of signal
Myelin
90
Gap between myelin
Node
91
High concentration of axons
White matter
92
High concentration of cell bodies and dendrites
Gray matter
93
Forms myelin sheath around axons in PNS
Schwann cells
94
Surround cell bodies in the ganglia to regulate environment around them in the PNS
Satellite cells
95
What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS?
Schwann cells and satellite cells
96
Group of axons
Fascicles

BMS 250 (23 decks)

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