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AP Euro > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Natural philosophy

A

New ideas/methods of science

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2
Q

Heliocentric universe

A

Sun in the center of the universe

Challenged scholasticism and Late Medieval philosophy

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3
Q

The scientific revolution

A

Process that established the new view of the universe

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4
Q

Copernicus

A

Transferred Ptolemaic model to heliocentric

Farther the planets are from sun= longer revolution

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5
Q

Who introduced geocentrism?

A

Ptolemy

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6
Q

What did Ptolemy write

A

Almagest

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7
Q

What motion did Ptolemy believe the planets moved in

A

Epicycle (small circles)

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8
Q

Brahe

A

Against Copernicus’s system
Idea:
Mercury + Venus= around Sun
Moon+Sun+Other planets= around Earth

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9
Q

Kepler

A

Brahe’s assistant
Believed in heliocentricity
Elliptical movement
Book: The New Astronomy

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10
Q

Galileo

A

Telescope to heavens
Starry Messenger &a Letters on Sunspots
Made Copernicus’s system popular

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11
Q

Newton

A

Planets move through GRAVITY
Inertia
Opposed rationalism

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12
Q

Empiricism

A

One must observe phenomena before attempting to explain them

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13
Q

Mechanism

A

World is seen mechanically as an image of a clock

Moves away from divinity

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14
Q

Natural knowledge

A

Path toward physical improvement of human beings through manipulation of nature

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15
Q

Francis Bacon

A 
Father of empiricism and experimentation in science (unearned) 
Books:
1. The advancement of learning
2. Novum organum
3. The new Atlantis
Attacked Scholasticism
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16
Q

René Descartes

A

Analytic geometry
Deductive reasoning
1. Discourse on Method
2. Meditations

17
Q

Discourse on Method

A

Reject scholasticism

Vernacular: French

18
Q

Meditations

A

Deduction and rationalism

19
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Most original philosopher
History of Peloponnesian War: English translation
Humans are self centered and egotistical
Absolutism

20
Q

John Locke

A 
Most influential
Criticized absolutism
Forced to flee to Holland w Charles II
Treatise of Government (trustworthy)
Humans are creatures of reason and good will
21
Q

John Locke’s most influential book

A

Essay concerning Human Understanding
Reason and Revelation
Mind is a block tablet at birth

22
Q

Most famous institution

A

Royal Society of London

23
Q

Berlin Academy of Science

A

Made in 1700

Germany slowly recovering from 30 years war

24
Q

Projectors

A

People eager to sell ideas of improvement to highest bidder

25
Q

Queen Christina of Sweden

A

Only exception to rejection of women to science

Brought Descartes to Stockholm

26
Q

Margaret Cavendish

A

Only woman allowed to enter Royal Society in London

27
Q

Maria Winklemann

A

Husband and wife make astronomical team

Application to continue individual work as widow was rejected

28
Q

Emilie du Châtelet

A

Aided Volataire

Translated Principia by Newton to French

29
Q

Galileo Condemption

A

On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres placed in Index of Prohibited Books

30
Q

Blaise Pascal

A

Pensées
Ally to Jansenist
Against reason

31
Q

Francis Bacon

A

Bible and Nature= divine revelation

Deeper understanding

32
Q

John Ray

A

God made humans to improve the world

33
Q

Witches

A 
Sabbats: meetings where they filed
Old widowed women= target
Specific types
1. Widows
2. Midwives
3. Herbalists
34
Q

Baroque Art

A

Naturalistic

35
Q

Michelangelo Caravaggio

A

Sharp contrast of light and darkness

36
Q

Louis LeNain

A

French peasant life

37
Q

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

A

St Peters Basilica construction and design

38
Q

Absolutism

A

Charles I: Banqueting Hall in palace by Peter Paul Rubens

Louis XIV: Versailles (Hall of Mirrors, Sun King)

AP Euro (10 decks)

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