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Psychology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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0
Q

Pavlovs dogs

A

Studied salivation in dogs

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1
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Simple form of learning in which a stimulus calls forth a response that is usually associated with another stimulus

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2
Q

Taste aversion

A

Learned avoidance of a particular food

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3
Q

Extinction

A

Conditioned stimulus is disconnected from the unconditioned stimulus; conditioned response no longer occurs

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4
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

Display responses that were previously extinct

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5
Q

Generalization

A

Responding the same way to stimuli that seem familiar

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6
Q

Discrimination

A

Act of responding differently to stimuli that are not similar to each other

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7
Q

Flooding

A

A person is exposed to the harmless stimuli until the fear of that stimulus is extinguished

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8
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

People are taught relaxation techniques and are then gradually introduced to stimulus

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9
Q

Counterconditioning

A

Pleasant stimulus is paired repeatedly with a fearful one; counteracting the fear

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10
Q

Jones and jones study

A

Peter feared rabbits
Gave Peter candy as moved a rabbit closer
Peter ate candy and petted rebut at same time
Learned not to fear the rabbit

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11
Q

Little Albert

A

Us-clanging of steel bars
Ur-fear(jump)
Cr-fear of rat
Cs-rat( white )

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12
Q

Operant conditioning

A

People learn to do the actions because of consequences

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13
Q

Us

A

Stimulus that causes automatic Responses

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14
Q

Cs

A

Learned stimulus

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15
Q

Ur

A

Automatic response

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16
Q

Cr

A

Learned response to stimulus

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17
Q

Skinner box-bf skinner

A

1 rat was deprived of food
2 when a lever was pressed, rat would receive food pellets
3 pressed the lever accidentally( then more often)

18
Q

Reinforcement

A

Process by which a stimulus increases the chance that the behavior will happen again

19
Q

Primary reinforcers

A

Function due to biological needs( food, water, and adequate warmth )

20
Q

Secondary reinforcers

A

Learned value

Money attention social approval

21
Q

Positive reinforcers

A

Increase the frequency of the behavior when they are applied ( food, fun activities, and social approval )

22
Q

Negative reinforcers

A

Increase the behavior after they are removed; unpleasant in some way

23
Q

Rewards

A

Increase frequency of behavior

24
Q

Punishment

A

Unwanted events that decrease the frequency of the behavior

25
Q

Schedules of reinforcement

A

When and how often the reinforcement occurs

26
Q

Continuous reinforcement

A

Reinforcement of behavior or every time it occurs
Rapid way to learn new behaviors
Not always practical
Maintains behavior only if reinforcement occurs

27
Q

Partial reinforcement

A

Behavior not reinforced every time

Behaviors tend to last longer

28
Q

Interval schedules

A

Amount of time( between reinforcements )

29
Q

Ratio

A

Number of correct responses

30
Q

Fixed interval

A

A set amount of time must elapse between reinforcements

31
Q

Variable interval

A

Varying amounts of time elapse between reinforcements

32
Q

Fixed ratio

A

Reinforcement provided after a fixed number

33
Q

Variable ratio

A

Reinforcement can come at any time

34
Q

Shaping

A

Teaching complex behaviors by reinforcing small steps in total activity

35
Q

Chaining

A

Each step of a sequence must be learned before moving on

36
Q

Programmed learning

A

Any task can be broken down into smaller steps

37
Q

Latent learning

A

Learning that remains hidden until it is needed

38
Q

Observational learning ( bandura )

A

Acquiring knowledge and skills by observing and imitating others

39
Q

Modeling

A

Person observes a behavior and is later able to reproduce it

40
Q

Effects of media violence

A

Supplies violence
May show it is acceptable
May lead to real life violence

41
Q

Classroom behavior

A

Teachers reinforce bad behavior should reinforce all good behavior

42
Q

Token economies

A

People are paid to act correctly by earning awards
May stop bad behavior
Doesn’t keep behavior changed once token system stops

43
Q

Personal contracts

A

Identify the behavior to change
Set a goal for new behaviors
Create a system of rewards or punishments

Psychology (9 decks)

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