Chapter 2

Question 0

Forming a research question

Answer 0

Constructs=things that can be assumed are there but cannot be seen directly( aggression, anxiety )

Question 1

What are the steps of scientific research?

Answer 1

1. Forming a research question, 2. Forming a hypothesis, 3. Testing the hypothesis, 4. Analyzing the results, 5.Drawing conclusions, 6. Replication, 7. Validation, 8. New questions

Question 2

Forming a hypothesis

Answer 2

Hypothesis=educated guess

Question 3

Testing the hypothesis

Answer 3

Various methods

Question 4

Analyzing the results

Answer 4

Look for patterns and relationships in the data

Question 5

Drawing conclusions

Answer 5

Used in the validation of theories

Question 6

Replication

Answer 6

Study must be repeated with same results

Question 7

Validation

Answer 7

Study must measure what it’s supposed to

Question 8

New questions

Answer 8

Process should lead to new questions

Question 9

Survey

Answer 9

Series of questions about a particular subject

• written questionnaires or interviews
• information may not be completely accurate

Question 10

Target population

Answer 10

Whole group to be studied

Question 11

Sample

Answer 11

Small part of target population

Question 12

Random sample

Answer 12

Participants selected by chance; each member has equal chance

Question 13

Stratified sample

Answer 13

Subgroups are represented proportionately

Question 14

Bias

Answer 14

Predisposition to a certain point of view despite facts

Question 15

Volunteer bias

Answer 15

People who volunteer have a different outlook from those who don’t

• volunteers may be more willing to disclose personal information
• volunteers may be more interested in research than others

Question 16

Correlation

Answer 16

Measure of how closely one thing is related to another

- the stronger correlation, the more closely related the items being measured

Question 17

Positive correlation

Answer 17

One variable increases, the other one increases; one variable decreases, the other decreases

Question 18

Negative correlation

Answer 18

As one variable increases, the other variable decreases; vice versa

Question 19

Independent variable

Answer 19

Factor that researchers manipulate so they can determine effect

Question 20

Dependent variable

Answer 20

Depends on something; what is being measured

Question 21

Experimental group

Answer 21

Receives the treatment/manipulation

Question 22

Control group

Answer 22

Doesn’t receive treatment

Question 23

Placebo

Answer 23

Substance or treatment that has no effect aside from a persons belief in its effect

Question 24

Single-blind study

Answer 24

Participants do not know wether they are in the experimental group or on the control group