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Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

Somatic and autonomic systems

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1
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What does the autonomic system consist of?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic system

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3
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Nerve cells that send messages between the central nervous system and other parts of the body

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4
Q

What all makes up a neuron

A

Cell body, myelin, axon, dendrites, axon terminals, and synapse

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5
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cells that run through our entire bodies and communicate with each other

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6
Q

Cell body ( nucleus )

A

Produces energy that fuels the neurons activities

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7
Q

Myelin

A

Fatty substance that insulates and protects the axon

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8
Q

Axon

A

Transmits messages away from cell body

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9
Q

Dendrites

A

Receives information from other neurons and passes through the cell body

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10
Q

Axon terminals

A

Small fibers at the end of the axon

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11
Q

Synapse

A

Junction between the axon terminals of one neuron and dendrites of another

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12
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Nerve cells that carry information received by senses to the central nervous system

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13
Q

Motor neurons

A

Nerve cells that carry information received from central nervous system to muscles and glands

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14
Q

What is the communication process

A

a. messages sent from axon terminals to dendrites
- synapse
- sensory neurons
- motor neurons

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15
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals that are stored in axon terminals; released to help send messages

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16
Q

What are the neurotransmitters?

A

Acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin

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17
Q

Acetylcholine

A
  1. Involved in control of muscles
  2. Involved in learning and memory
    - if decreases, formation of memories impaired
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18
Q

Dopamine *****

A
  1. Involved in motor behavior
  2. Deficiency plays role in Parkinson’s disease
  3. Excessive amount contributes to schizophrenia
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19
Q

Noradrenaline

A

Preparing the body for action

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20
Q

Serotonin

A

Involved in emotional arousal and sleep

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21
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Transmits sensory messages to the cns

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22
Q

What are some thing’s to know about the somatic nervous system?

A

A. Carry messages from voluntary muscles and sense organs
B. Able to experience heat, cold, pain and pressure
C. Alerts us when body parts move and change positions
D. Helps maintain posture and balance

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23
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Regulates the body’s vital functions

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24
Q

What are some things to know about the autonomic nervous system?

A

A. Don’t have to think about these activities
B. Essential for keeping us alive
-heartbeat
-breathing
-digestion
-blood pressure
C. Split into two divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic

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25
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Responds to stress

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26
Q

What are some stuff you should know about the sympathetic nervous system?

A

A. Prepares body for “ fight or flight “
B. Suppresses digestion
C. Increases heart and respiration rate
D. Elevates blood pressure

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27
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Calms the body

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28
Q

What are som things to know about the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

A. Called “ rest and digest “ response
B. Heart rate and blood pressure normalize
C. Breathing slows
D. Digestion returns to normal

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29
Q

Hindbrain

A

Is in control of vital functions

  • heartbeat
  • respiration
  • pulse
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30
Q

Midbrain

A

Controls vision and hearing

31
Q

Forebrain

A

Controls complex functions, thoughts and emotion

32
Q

What does the hindbrain consist of?

A

Medulla, pons, cerebellum

33
Q

Medulla

A

Involved in vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure and breathing

34
Q

Pons

A

Regulating body movement, attention, sleep and alertness

35
Q

Cerebellum

A

Balance and coordination

36
Q

What does the midbrain consist of ?

A

Reticular activating system

37
Q

Reticular activating system

A

Important for attention, sleep, and arousal

38
Q

What does the forebrain consist of ?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, cerebrum, cerebral cortex, and corpus callosum

39
Q

Thalamus

A

Serves as a relay station for sensory stimulation

40
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Vital to regulation of body temperature storage of nutrients and motivation/emotion

41
Q

Limbic system ****

A

Forms a border around the brain stem

42
Q

Things you should know about the hypothalamus ?

A 
A. Includes:
     -hunger
     -thirst 
     -sexual behavior 
     -caring for offspring 
     -aggression 
B. Disturbances lead to drinking and eating behaviors
43
Q

Things you should know about the limbic system

A

A. Includes:
-learning and memory, emotion, hunger, sex, and aggression
B. Controls behavior necessary for survival
-distinguish between agreeable and disagreeable situations
-forms emotional memories of situations that help the person respond and adapt to situations
C. If a particular part is damaged it can’t form new memories

44
Q

Cerebrum

A

Site of most conscious and intellectual activity

-makes up 70% of brains weight

45
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outer layer of the brain

46
Q

Things you should know about the cerebral cortex?

A

A. The part that makes us uniquely human

B. Deals with: memory, languge, emotions, complex motor functions, and perception

47
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Structure that connects the two hemispheres

48
Q

What are the four lobes

A

Occipital lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and frontal lobe

49
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Primary area of the cerebral cortex

50
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Involved with hearing

51
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Receives skins sensory information

52
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Lies behind forehead, emotions and judgements

53
Q

Broca’s area

A

Controls area of face used for speaking

- if damaged people will speak slowly and laboriously

54
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Pieces together sights and sounds

- if damaged people can’t understand speech and speech is meaningless

55
Q

Left hemisphere

A

In charge of ….

  • language
  • logic
  • problem solving
  • mathematical
56
Q

Right hemisphere

A

In charge of ….

  • imagination
  • art
  • feelings
  • spatial relations
57
Q

Endocrine system

A

A. Three endocrine glands=consists of glands that secrete substances into the bloodstream

58
Q

Nature

A

What people inherit( genetics )

59
Q

List of nature

A

Physical appearance
Intelligence
Abilities in math, arts, language, etc.

60
Q

Nurture

A

Environmental factors( what a person is exposed to in life )

61
Q

List of nurture

A 
Family 
Education 
Culture( media ) 
Living conditions 
Experiences
62
Q

Nature argument

A

People’s traits and personality determined by biological makeup

63
Q

Nurture argument

A

Environment we live in and experiences determine how we behave and think

64
Q

The pituitary gland

A

A. “ the master gland “
B. Stimulated by the hypothalamus
C. May affect adrenals, thyroid and ovaries or testes
D. Human growth hormone- regulates growth of muscles, bones, and glands

65
Q

The thyroid gland

A

A. Produces thyroxin-affects metabolism

66
Q

Hypothyroidism ****

A

Too little thyroxin

  • sluggish
  • overweight
  • cretinism=stunted growth and mental retardation
67
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Too much thyroxin

  • excitability
  • inability to sleep
  • weight loss
68
Q

Adrenal gland ****

A

A. Secretes cortical steroids=increase resistance to stress and promote muscle development
B. Produce adrenaline and noradrenaline=prepare a body for fight or flight
-intensifies emotions and raises blood pressure

69
Q

Anabolic steroids

A

Synthetic steroids used to enhance performance or body appearance

70
Q

What gland produces testosterone ?

A

Testes or ovaries

71
Q

How does a message travel through a neuron?

A

Axon terminals->dendrites->cell body(nucleus)->myelin->axon->axon terminals

72
Q

Things to know about the reticular activating system

A
  1. In all parts of the brain
  2. Stimulation makes us alert
  3. Drugs and alcohol reduce activity causing slow reactions
73
Q

What does the cerebral cortex do ?

A
  1. The part that makes us uniquely human
  2. Deals with:
    • memory, language, emotions, complex motor functions, perception
74
Q

Things to know about the cerebral cortex **

A

Made up of two hemispheres
Corpus callosum holds those hemispheres together
Information from one side of body transmitted to other side
Divided into four lobes-parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital

75
Q

Wernickes area *****

A

Pieces together sights and sounds

-damage can’t understand speech and speech is meaningless

76
Q

Broca’s area *****

A

Controls area of face used for speaking

Damage -people speak slowly and laboriously

Psychology (9 decks)

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