chapter 6

Question 1

what did plato divide mental function into:

Answer 1

reasoning (the brain)
sensation (the heart)
appetite (the liver)

Question 2

what was the diagreement between hippocrates, plato and aristotle

Answer 2

about the location of the soul (psyche), believed to be the essence of man and connected to the universe

Question 3

what did galen (130-200CE) emphasise

Answer 3

the role of the brain. he was a physician at the gladiator school and so had experience examining the effects of injurys

Question 4

whats the renaissance period

Answer 4

charcterised by shifting beliefs on the importance of the brain and how it functions

Question 5

what did vesalius believe (1514-1564)

Answer 5

the ventricles are responsible for mental function

Question 6

willis (1621-1675) argued..

Answer 6

importance of gtey matter of the brain

there was also an increases focus on involuntary reflexes

Question 7

what did an increased focus of reflexes lead to

Answer 7

the discovery of cerebrospinal axis- it was realised that many bodily functions can still work without the cerebral hemispheres

there was still depbayes as to wether all parts of the brain are needed for all functions(equipotentiality) or wether brain functions are localised

Question 9

what did autopsies of impaired patients show

Answer 9

different areas are responsible for sppech production (brocas area) and speech comprehension (wernicked area)

Question 10

in the 19th century two new technological advances helped brain research

what are they
what did they lead to

Answer 10

• the staining of brain tissue with silver
  more advnaced microscopes

thsi led to:
- the brain is made up of a network of neurons
the brain uses electricity to communicate

Question 12

what did using bullets in ww1 and ww2 lead to

Answer 12

more specific localised brain injuries aided to brain research

Question 13

in the seconf half of the 20th century, brain research became paired witht he study of behvaiour, resulting in what … which further lead to…

Answer 13

neuropsyhcology

would layter becomes paired with the cognitive paradigm resulting in the birth of cognitive neuropsychology

Question 14

whats an electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 14

the recording of specific event potentials

Question 15

magnetoencephalography (MEG) ????

Answer 15

measuring neural blood flow

Question 16

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)????

Answer 16

meauring neural structure and fmri to measure blood flow differntial

Question 18

A PET scan, or positron emission tomography?

Answer 18

measuing blood flow with a radioactive tracer