chapter 2 Flashcards
Nicolaus Copernicus proposed…
a heliocentric model of the universe instead of a geocentric one (1543)
what did nicolaus copernicus risk with his proposal
This risked backlash from the roman catholic church and was also met with much academic criticism
Copernicus theories went against a widely accepted geocentric model and contradicted individuals subjective experiences
who supported copernicus
His model was later supported by Galileo’s measurements of planetary movement
what is The cartesian divide
The cartesian divide: soul vs body
in The cartesian divide what is meant by soul and body
The body= mechanistic can be studies through natural sciences
The soul= thoughts, feelings, mental processes are separate from the body, only religion and philosophy can examine them
the influence of Descartes causes what..
This encouraged scientific study of the body but discourages study of the mind
This suited the church as there was no longer a contradiction between science and faith
what is newtons universe and whats the significance
Developed the laws of physics governing force, acceleration, gravity and optics
The previously unknown and mysterious universe can now be measures and predicted
Science can now describe and explain Descartes mechanistic world from falling of an apple to the phases of the moon
Science now has significant power, representing a new era in scientific thinking
what does the philosophy of positivism claim
“science is truth”
“science proves truth” “science is the only thing that can examine the world elicit ‘facts’ from it”
positivism…
Positivism has been a driver of science for centuries
The 17th century ushered in the age of enlightenment and suing science as a driver for societies
Positivism in psychology : a reliance on statistics, the power of the p-values
what happens with a decrease in population
increase in Oppurtunites for shared wealth
what causes knowledge to spread
Decrease in population= increase in Oppurtunites for shared wealth
Economics and political need
Waning influence of the authorities that opposed to scientific thought
A lack of major disasters; war/famine/diseases
The founding of universities and sociétés
Consensus that knowledge is to be discovered, not found through history
The natural philosopher (scientist) now relies on observation, testing theories and systematic measurement
what did scientific thinking do for society
shared knowledge and technological inventions
—->
faster economic growth
—->
more shared wealth
what happens in the age of enlightenment
increases literacy= greater access to knowledge
belief that a mature society is one led by science
what comes from a better understanding of the body
healthier population —> longer life expectancies
