Chapter 6 Flashcards
Modern Biosocial Perspectives of Criminal Behavior
Within biosocial research, what would be considered an environmental influence?
a cultural norm of respecting authority
Who studied a family, the Kallikaks, to determine whether there is a link between heredity and criminality?
H. H. Goddard
Studies that examine the relative concordance rates for monozygotic and dizygotic twins are…?
twin studies
What type of twins are also called fraternal twins; they share the same amount of DNA as any other type of siblings?
Dizygotic
Children who were studied in the adoption studies were given up for adoption prior to what age, which is important when understanding parental impact?
1 year
The general consensus on adoption studies is that…?
despite criticisms, their findings are still valid.
Adoption studies have found that the adopted children for whom ______ were the least likely to offend?
neither set of parents offended
Individuals with which type of chromosomal abnormality are often very tall but slow in terms of social and intelligence skills?
XYY
Typically, the chromosomal mutations that occur in individuals are largely due to what?
random mutations
High levels of what and other androgens tend to “masculinize” the brain toward risk-taking behavior?
testosterone
Most of the executive functions of the brain, such as problem-solving, take place in what lobe?
frontal
Nervous system chemicals in the brain and body that help convey electrical signals from one neuron to another are called what?
neurotransmitters
What do proponents of biosocial explanations of criminal behavior blame both environmental and what factors for deviant behavior?
genetic
Studies of behavioral genetics regarding criminality or antisocial behaviors consistently show that heritability/genetic factors explain about what percentage of the variance in antisocial behavior?
50%
An observed manifestation of the interaction of genotypical traits with the environment, such as height, reflects a person’s what?
phenotype
