Chapter 5

Question 1

Perspectives on crimes that focused on determining which individuals or groups were most likely to commit crime were likely developed in relation to what?

Answer 1

enslavement of African Americans

Question 2

Which term refers to the study of and policies related to improvement of the human race via control over selective reproduction?

Answer 2

eugenics

Question 3

Later studies of craniometry revealed _____ correlation between the size of the skull/brain and certain behaviors or personality traits?

Answer 3

No correlation.

Question 4

The belief that the size of the brain or skull represents the superiority or inferiority of certain individuals or ethnic/racial groups is called what?

Answer 4

Craniometry

Question 5

What is the science of determining human disposition based on distinctions (bumps) in the skull?

Answer 5

Phrenology

Question 6

Modern scientific studies show that perhaps the most vital part of the brain in terms of criminality regarding trauma is what lobe?

Answer 6

Frontal

Question 7

What’s a correct example of a tenet of phrenology?

Answer 7

Certain parts of the brain are responsible for specific tasks.

Question 8

Modern scientific studies show that perhaps the most vital part of the brain in terms of criminality regarding trauma is what area?

Answer 8

at the top of the skull (referring to the frontal lobe).

Question 9

Darwin’s theory laid the groundwork for which major scientific theory of crime?

Answer 9

born criminals

Question 10

Which term refers to the study of facial and other bodily aspects to identify developmental problems, such as criminality?

Answer 10

Physiognomy

Question 11

Which individual is known for saying some people were “born criminal”?

Answer 11

Cesare Lombroso

Question 12

According to Lombroso, the best way for societies to prevent crime is by doing what?

Answer 12

identifying born criminals through stigmata

Question 13

Physical manifestations of the atavism of an individual that indicate the features of a prior evolutionary stage of development are called…?

Answer 13

Stigmata

Question 14

Stigmata not only consisted of deviant facial and bodily features that a person could be born with but also some extra physiological features that were not congenital, such as…?

Answer 14

tattoos

Question 15

The manifestation of more than how many stigmata indicates that an individual is atavistic and thus a born criminal?

Answer 15

Five