Chapter 3 Flashcards
The Classical School of Criminological Thought
In many ancient societies, what was the common response if an individual committed a criminal act?
perform an exorcism or surgery
One of the unintended outcomes of public trials and punishment was what?
public backlash
What was a form of punishment in which the limbs of a convicted criminal were tied to four horses and ripped from the torso?
Quartering
When was the concept that human beings are rational beings who choose their own destinies first acknowledged?
Age of Enlightenment
Which term refers to an agreement of citizens promising to abide by the rules or laws in return for protection?
Social contract
Thomas Hobbes wrote what?
Leviathan
What book, written by Hobbes, proposed one of the first rational theories for why people commit crime?
Leviathan
According to Hobbes, what motivates individuals to cooperate in the formation of government?
fear
The period of the late-17th century to 18th century in which philosophers emphasized the rights of individuals is known as the what?
Age of Enlightenment
Cesare Beccaria is known as the Father of what?
Policing
According to Beccaria, perfecting what is the “surest but most difficult way to prevent crimes”?
education
Beccaria set the standard for modern systems of justice in guaranteeing defendants’ rights by doing away with what?
secret accusations
In Les Misérables, Jean Valjean receives a lengthy prison sentence for stealing bread. This is an example of what type of government?
authoritarian
Punishment given to an individual that is meant to prevent others from engaging in crime is what type of deterrence?
specific
Which two crimes did Beccaria consider the most heinous?
treason and espionage
