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Health > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of the immune system – its structure, functions, disorders, and diseases?

A

immunology

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2
Q

What are organisms that cause disease?

A

pathogens

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3
Q

What are the most important components of the immune system because they act as the “soldiers” of your immune system?

A

leukocytes

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4
Q

What type of leukocytes kill pathogens by engulfing and disposing of them?

A

phagocytes

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5
Q

What type of leukocytes have a variety of responsibilities?

A

lymphocytes

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6
Q

What serves as an “alarm signal” that some leukocytes release when they detect an invasion?

A

histamine

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7
Q

What is a condition in which capillaries become larger to allow more blood to reach the area?

A

inflammation

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8
Q

What are chemical signals that leukocytes use to communicate with other leukocytes by long distances?

A

interleukins

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9
Q

What are Y-shaped protein molecules that circulated through the body and attach to pathogens or other foreign substances?

A

antibodies

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10
Q

What is a complex network of fluid-filled vessels and chambers that helps transport the white blood cells throughout the body and aids them in cleansing the body of pathogens?

A

lymphatic system

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11
Q

What is a liquid that is supplied by the blood that all of the body’s tissues contain?

A

tissue fluid

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12
Q

What are tiny, thin-walled tubes that excess tissue fluid leaves the tissue through?

A

lymph capillaries

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13
Q

What is the tissue fluid called after it has entered the lymph capillaries?

A

lymph

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14
Q

What is a system of larger tubes that lymph travels through?

A

lymph vessels

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15
Q

What returns lymph from its side of the body to he bloodstream?

A

lymph ducts

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16
Q

What is the suffix that means “disease”?

A

patho-

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17
Q

What is the suffix that refers to something that produces?

A

-gen

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18
Q

What is the prefix that means “white”?

A

leuk- or leuko-

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19
Q

What is the root that means “eat” or “eater”?

A

phag or phage

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20
Q

What is the suffix that means “cells”?

A

-cytes

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21
Q

What is the prefix that means “water”?

A

lymph- or lympho-

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22
Q

What are some organisms that could be pathogens?

A

bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses that cause disease

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23
Q

What are small, bean-shaped organs that cleanse the lymph of debris and monitor the lymph for signs of infection?

A

lymph nodes

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24
Q

What are the two oval masses of lymphatic tissue located on either side of the throat?

A

tonsils

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25
Q

What is a mass of lymphatic tissue in the upper throat?

A

adenoids

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26
Q

What is inflammation of the tonsils?

A

tonsillitis

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27
Q

What is a group of lymphatic tissue located in the wall of the lower small intestine?

A

Peyer’s patches

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28
Q

What is a fist-sized organ that filters the blood, stores a reserve supply of blood, and functions in the lymphatic system?

A

spleed

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29
Q

What is a lymphatic organ where the immature T cells are matured and “trained” after being produced in the bone marrow?

A

thymus

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30
Q

What is an elevated body temperature?

A

fever

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31
Q

What organ that aids the immune system produces white blood cells?

A

bone marrow

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32
Q

What organ aids the immune system by adjusting hormone levels, raising in the body’s temperature to help fight certain kinds of pathogens?

A

brain

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33
Q

What organ aids the immune system by containing harmless bacteria which prevents harmful bacteria from taking residence?

A

colon

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34
Q

What is the organ that aids the immune system by secreting tears, which wash dust and dirt from the eyes?

A

lacrimal glands

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35
Q

What is the organ that aids the immune system by filtering toxins from the blood and breaks them down for elimination?

A

liver

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36
Q

What is the organ that aids the immune system by containing sticky mucus that acts like flypaper, catching most pathogens before they enter the lungs?

A

mucus membranes

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37
Q

What is the organ that aids the immune system by serving as a shield that protects the body from invading pathogens?

A

skin

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38
Q

What is the organ that aids the immune system by producing hydrochloric acid and enzymes which destroy bacteria?

A

stomach

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39
Q

What are the organs that aid the immune system that are lymph node tissue that act as barriers to bacteria and viruses?

A

tonsils and adenoids

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40
Q

Where are the tonsils located?

A

on either side of the neck

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41
Q

Where are the adenoids located?

A

in the upper throat

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42
Q

Where are Peyer’s patched located?

A

in the small intestine

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43
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

just behind the stomach on the left side of your body

44
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

behind the sternum and between the lungs and the heart

45
Q

What are moveable projections on the mucous membranes that sweep pathogens to the throat where they can be expelled?

A

cilia

46
Q

What is an antibacterial substance that is an enzyme produced by the lacrimal glands to destroy bacteria?

A

lysozyme

47
Q

What is an “ordinary doctor” who treats ordinary people with ordinary diseases and disorders?

A

internist

48
Q

What is the study of disease, its caused, and its treatments?

A

pathology

49
Q

What is any condition that interferes with the body’s normal functioning?

A

disease

49
Q

What type of diseases are caused by invading pathogents such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi?

A

infectious diseases

50
Q

What ar infectious diseases that can be spread from person to person?

A

communicable diseases

51
Q

What are infectious diseases that cannot be spread from person to person?

A

noncommunicable disease

52
Q

What are diseases that result from factors such as aging, malnutrition, hormonal imbalances, genetic or developmental problems, or malfunctioning organs or systems?

A

noninfectious disease

52
Q

What is a disease that is severe but only lasts a short time?

A

acute

52
Q

What is a disease that lasts for a long time or tends to reccur often?

A

chronic

53
Q

What are microscopic, single-celled organisms that are some of the most widespread organisms in all of God’s living creation and caused many infectious diseases?

A

bacteria

53
Q

What type of bacteria live in the absence of oxygen and obtain their oxygen from the food they eat?

A

anaerobic bacteria

54
Q

What is a tiny capsule of genetic information that can reprogram a living cell to produce new virus particles instead of the cell’s normal products?

A

virus

55
Q

What are tiny microscopic, single-celled creatures that resemble miniature animals?

A

protozoa

56
Q

What are the two well-known protozoal diseases that are classified as noncommunicable diseases because they cannot be spread directly from person to person, but by animals?

A

malaria and African sleeping sickness

57
Q

What is a protozoal disease characterized by severe diarrhea, often containing blood?

A

amoebic dysentery

58
Q

What is a protozoal disease that is a form of traveler’s diarrhea?

A

giardiasis

59
Q

What are yeasts, molds, and mushroom that can cause relatively few infectious diseases?

A

fungi

60
Q

What are two well-known communicable fungal diseases?

A

Athlete’s foot and ringworm

61
Q

What seems to be the result of a fungal infection of the scalp?

A

dandruffs

61
Q

What are roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes that occasionally invade the body?

A

parasitic worms

62
Q

What type of parasitic infection is commonly acquired by eating infected meat that has not been cooked enough to kill the larvae of the trichina worm?

A

trichinosis

63
Q

What type of parasitic worm can be acquired through skin contact with animal or human feces?

A

hookworm

64
Q

What is an animal that transmits infection?

A

vector

65
Q

In recent years, what are two things that have become popular, but is actually warned against in the Bible and carries risk of infection?

A

tattooing and body piercing

66
Q

What are some ways to spread infectious diseases?

A
  • airborne pathogens
  • contaminated surface
  • direct contact
  • contaminated food and water
  • infected animals
67
Q

What is an activated lymphocyte that “remembers” a previous encounter with a pathogen and helps the immune system to react the next time the same pathogen is encountered?

A

memory cell

68
Q

What is a condition of resistance to a particular disease or pathogen?

A

immunity

69
Q

What is the type of immunity that results from circulating antibodies or memory cells?

A

acquired immunity

70
Q

What is the type of immunity that helps protect infants and newborn from infections because when a child is born, his bloodstream contain antibodies from his mother’s blood?

A

inborn immunity

71
Q

What type of immunity occurs because many pathogens infect only a certain type of organisms?

A

species immunity

72
Q

What is the practice of introducing weakened or dead pathogens into the body to provoke the immune system into developing an acquired immunity?

A

vaccination

73
Q

What is the substance that stimulates the immune system into developing an acquired immunity to a particular disease?

A

vaccine

74
Q

What are substances produced by bacteria, molds, and other organisms that stop the growth of bacteria?

A

antibiotics

75
Q

What is the best-known antibiotic and the first to be discovererd?

A

penicillin

76
Q

What are diseases that are not caused by pathogens but are often caused by age, heredity, level of physical activity, nutrition, cleanliness, and mental attitude?

A

noninfectious diseases

77
Q

Until the 20th century, what type of diseases were the primary cause of death?

A

infectious diseases

78
Q

What is the process of steady declines in the body systems that begins during your twenties?

A

aging

79
Q

What are diseases in which tissues and organs gradually lose their ability to function properly?

A

degenerative diseases

80
Q

What is the most common degenerative disease in industrialized nations?

A

cardiovascular diseases

81
Q

What is a degenerative condition that commonly affects older individuals in which the bones deteriorate and become brittle?

A

osteoporosis

82
Q

What is any degenerative condition in which the victim loses a significant amount of his intellectual capability?

A

dementia

83
Q

What are two common forms of dementia that both result from the loss of neurons in the brain?

A

Alzheimer’s disease and arteriosclerotic dementia

84
Q

What is a degenerative disease of the brain that affects a person’s control of posture and movement?

A

Parkinson’s disease

85
Q

What is the prefix that refers to the bones?

A

osteo-

86
Q

What is the root that means “passage” or “pore”?

A

poros

87
Q

What is the suffix that means “disease”?

A

-osis

88
Q

What does the prefix arterio- refer to?

A

the arteries

89
Q

What do the prefixes scler- and sclero- mean?

A

“hard”

90
Q

What is intentionally causing or hastening death in order to prevent or end suffering?

A

euthanasia

91
Q

What are diseases that occur during development in the womb and are present at birth?

A

congenital diseases

92
Q

What are diseases that result from hereditary genetic defects?

A

genetic diseases

93
Q

What are diseases that are caused by malfunctions of the endocrine system?

A

hormonal diseases

94
Q

What is the most common hormonal disease that occurs when the body loses the ability to properly control the amount of sugar in the blood?

A

diabetes mellitus

95
Q

What type of diabetes mellitus occurs when insulin-producing cells of the pancreas die?

A

Type 1 diabetes

96
Q

What type of diabetes mellitus is caused by insufficient insulin production of body cells that do not respond to insulin properly?

A

Type 2 diabetes

97
Q

What is intentionally causing or hastening the death of an unborn child?

A

abortion

98
Q

What are the steps of the DISCERN method?

A

Determine your choices
Inquire of God through prayer
Search the Scriptures
Consider godly counsel
Eliminate worldly thinking
Recognize God’s leading
Never compromise the truth

99
Q

What are diseases that ar caused by malfunctions of the immune system?

A

immunological diseases

100
Q

What is the most common form of immunological disease that occurs when the immune system overreacts to a foreign substance?

A

allergy

101
Q

What is a type of allergy in which the bronchial tubes constrict tightly when an irritating substance is inhaled?

A

asthma

Health (8 decks)

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