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Health > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Name at least 3 guidelines to electrical safety.

A
  • Never plug in an electrical appliance or power tool if your hands are wet or you are standing on a wet or damp surface
  • Should an appliance fall into a sink or tub or water, unplug the item before you retrieve it
  • Avoid using electrical power tools in the rain or anywhere that water might come into contact with the tool or its power cord
  • Check the appliance and tools periodically for damaged cords or exposed wires and replace as soon as possible
  • Immediately unplug an electrical appliance or power tool if anything appears to be wrong with it
  • Be careful not to plug to many tools or appliance into a single outlet as this can overload the circuit and possible cause a fire
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2
Q

If an electric shock occurs, what should you do?

A

do not touch the victim if they are still in contact with the power source

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3
Q

Why should you not touch the victim of an electric shock if they are still in contact with the power source?

A

because the body conducts electricity

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4
Q

What is the leading cause of accidental deaths and injury among the elderly

A

falls

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5
Q

What are the easiest ways to avoid unnecessary injuries caused by falling?

A

watch your step and keep everything in its place

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6
Q

Name at least 3 guidelines to proper firearm safety.

A
  • Store firearms and ammunition where children cannot gain access to them
  • Do not handle firearms unless you have been trained to use them
  • Always handle a gun as if it were loaded; never point a gun, even an unloaded gun, at a person
  • Keep you finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot
  • Be conscious of where each shot is going
  • Unload your gun before taking it into an enclosed area
  • Be aware of federal, state, and local laws that govern the use of firearms
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7
Q

Name at least 3 guidelines to prevent burns.

A
  • Make sure burners are not turned up too high
  • Keep the handles of pots and pans turned away from the front of the stove
  • Use a thick potholder to protect your hands when lifting a hot pan or dish
  • Turn burners off when you are finished using them
  • Never leves foods cooking on top of the stove unattended
  • Be carful when removing lids or opening microwaved foods
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8
Q

Should you use water on a grease fire? Why or why not?

A

no; because water will cause the fire to spread

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9
Q

What type of fire extinguisher should be used with ordinary combustibles such as trash, wood, and paper?

A

Class A

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10
Q

Wha type of fire extinguisher should be used with flammable liquids such as grease?

A

Class B

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11
Q

What type of fire extinguisher should be used with an electrical fire?

A

Class C

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12
Q

Name at least 3 fire prevention guidelines.

A
  • Keep flammable substances away from sources of heat
  • Store flammable liquids in their proper containers
  • Keep portable space heaters out of traffic areas, and be sure they are turned off before you leave your house or go to bed
  • Repair or replace any worn or frayed electrical cords
  • Never place extension cords or any other electrical cords under rugs
  • Unplug electrical appliances that produce heat when you are finished using them
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13
Q

Should you use water on an electrical fire? Why or why not?

A

no; because water is a conductor of electricity and could cause electrocution

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14
Q

Name at least 3 safety precautions and fire escape procedures.

A
  • Designate a meeting place outside so that every family member can be accounted for
  • Close your bedroom door when you go to bed
  • In the event of a fire, turn on your bedroom light if possible
  • Do not touch doorknob before testing the door’s temperature
  • If the door fells hot, do not open it; if it fells cool, open with caution
  • Once you are outside, never go back inside a burning building
  • If your clothing should catch on fire, immediately stop, drop, and roll
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15
Q

What are three different types fo toxins?

A

ingested, inhaled, and absorbed

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16
Q

Name at least 3 guidelines to prevent ingested toxins.

A
  • Keep poisonous substances in their original containers whenever possible
  • Keep potentially poisonous materials out of reach of young children - on a high shelf or in a locked cabinet
  • Never use any medicine that is prescribed for someone else, even a member of your family
  • When discarding outdated prescriptions, flush them down the toilet to keep them away from children or pets
  • When taking over-the-couter medication or nutritional supplements, read the label for proper dosage and do not exceed a safe amount
  • Avoid the use of illegal drugs
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17
Q

What toxins are ones that you might eat or drink?

A

ingested toxins

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18
Q

What toxins are ones that you might breathe?

A

inhaled toxins

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19
Q

What are toxins that might absorb through the skin?

A

absorbed toxins

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20
Q

Name at least 3 guidelines to prevent inhaled toxins.

A
  • If you are cleaning with chemicals, work in a well-ventilated room; never work in a close room or garage
  • If your home has a fuel-burning appliance or fireplace, you need at least one carbon monoxide detector located in a hallway or sleeping area
  • To avoid carbon monoxide poisoning from automobile exhaust, never leave a car running in a closed garage
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21
Q

What should you do prevent absorption toxins?

A

always wear gloves when handling poisonous chemicals such as insecticides, other lawn or garden supplies, or strong cleaners

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22
Q

Name at least 3 ways to reduce risks for self-protection.

A
  • Never let an unknown caller know that you are alone
  • Never give your name, address, or telephone number to anyone who is calling the wrong number
  • Never open the door for anyone you do not know
  • Never go anywhere alone after dark
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23
Q

What are the five basic safety guidelines no matter what sports or activities you participate in?

A
  • Learn the necessary skills
  • Know your limitations and stay within your abilities
  • Know the safety rules for that activity
  • Prepare adequately for the activity
  • Use appropriate protective gear and well-maintained equipment
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24
Q

What are three preventative measures to avoid sports injuries?

A

take time to warm up and cool down, stop if you feel pain, and avoid overheating

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25
Q

What is the body’s was of telling you that something is wrong?

A

pain

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26
Q

What is a serious reduction in your body’s water content?

A

dehydration

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27
Q

What is a condition in which a person’s body temperature rises higher than normal because of excessive heat and/or dehydration, causing such symptoms as weakness, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, and heat cramps?

A

heat exhaustion

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28
Q

What is a life-threatening emergency in which excessive heat and/or dehydration causes the body temperatures to rise uncontrollably, possible leading to seizures and coma?

A

heat stroke

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29
Q

What are some ways to reduce heat exhaustion and heat stroke risks?

A
  • Drink several glasses of water hours before exercising strenuously
  • During the activity, replace lost water with at least 1/2 cup of cold water every 15 to 20 minutes
  • Avoid overexertion, especially during times of high humidity and high temperatures
  • Wear lightweight, loose-fitting clothes
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30
Q

What is the second cause of death for teens?

A

drowning

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31
Q

What are two basic water-safety rules?

A
  • Know how to swim
  • Use the buddy system – never go alone
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32
Q

Should you find yourself stranded in the water without a flotation device, what are three techniques that you should follow?

A
  • Back float
  • Treading water
  • Survival float
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33
Q

If you are stranded in the water without a flotation device, which of the three techniques enables you to rest in the water if you get a cramp or become overtired?

A

back float

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34
Q

If you are stranded in the water without a flotation device, which of the three techniques is essentially swimming in place?

A

treading water

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35
Q

If you are stranded in the water without a flotation device, which of the three techniques if helpful in choppy water in your nose and mouth if you were to float on your back or tread water?

A

survival float

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36
Q

If you are stranded in the water without a flotation device, which of the three techniques allows a swimmer in warm water to stay afloat for many hours without using much energy?

A

survival float

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37
Q

What is the prefix that means “less than, beneath, or below”?

A

hypo-

38
Q

What is the prefix that means “heat”?

A

thermo- or thermo-

39
Q

What is the suffix that means “condition”?

A

-ia

40
Q

What is the condition in which the body temperature is lower than normal?

A

hypothermia

41
Q

What are three procedures to minimize heat loss in cold water?

A
  • If possible, cover your head and button, zip, or tie your collars, cuffs, and shoes
  • If you are wearing a Coast Guard-approved personal flotation device (PFD), assume the HELP position, which reduced heat loss to the front and groin area
  • Do not try to swim or tread water if you are wearing a PFD, since the body becomes fatigues more quickly in cold water
42
Q

What is a dangerous surface current formed when large quantities of water recede rapidly into the sea?

A

rip current

43
Q

If you are caught in a rip current, what should you do?

A

no panic

44
Q

What should you do the first time you go swimming in an area you have never been swimming in before?

A

go feet first the first time

45
Q

If you are without a PFC and your boat capsizes, what should you do?

A

hold onto the boat until you are rescued unless you can swim safely to shore or your are in shallow water

46
Q

Name at least 3 precautions to take while enjoying a PWC.

A
  • Read and understand the owner’s manual
  • In order to steer a PWC, you must have power; if the engine of a PWC idles or shuts off during operation, you lose control of steering
  • PWCs have and emergency safety switch that shuts the engine off if the operator falls from te PWC or is thrown from the proper operating position
  • Anyone riding a PWC should wear a PFD
  • Because PWCs are designed so that you can fall off an reboard, you should avoid riding one when you are tired or where there are strong currents
  • Since visibility is difficult around sunrise and sunset, it is illegal in some states to operate a PWC during these times
  • Avoid riding in areas restricted for swimming, and stay away from people who are fishing
47
Q

What attaches the operator’s wrist of PFD to the ignition safety switch?

A

lanyard

48
Q

Unless you have been trained in lifesaving, what should you never do if you see someone drowing?

A

swim out to save them

49
Q

What should you never do when you go into the woods?

A

go alone

50
Q

What is red, swollen, hot, itchy skin that occurs when the plant comes into contact with the skin?

A

dermatitis

51
Q

What are the two types of poisonous plants can be recognized by the distinctive grouping of their leaflets into sets of three?

A

poison ivy and poison oak

52
Q

What is a source of contact poisoning that also causes dermatitis?

A

poison sumac

53
Q

What should you do when you are eating food in the woods?

A

make sure that you do not eat or chew on a plant that you do not know to be harmless

54
Q

What are the only poisonous snames in North America?

A

pit vipers and coral snakes

55
Q

What are the three pit vipers found in North Ameirica?

A

rattlesnakes, copperheads, and water moccasins

56
Q

What is a member of the cobra family that has dangerous venom but is less likely to bite than the pit vipers?

A

coral snakes

57
Q

What are some of the “Ten Essentials” of wilderness recreation?

A
  • a first-aid kit
  • extra food
  • extra water
  • extra clothing
  • a map
  • a compass
  • a flashlight with extra batteries
  • waterproof matches
  • sunglasses
  • pocketknife
58
Q

What is the most common emergency signal?

A

“three of anything”

59
Q

Name at least 3 helpful wilderness survival tips.

A
  • If you are camping or hiking near a wooded or grassy area, pack a repellent that is effective against ticks
  • If you run out of water, boil water from a stream or lake vigorously for five minutes to purify it
  • If you build a campfire, be sure to build it in a cleared area away from fallen trees or overhanging branches
  • Be sure to store food and garbage so that they are protected from animals
  • Pack a 6-by-8-foot sheet of thin plastic folded very small and stored in your backpack
60
Q

What should you never use to start a fire?

A

gasoline

61
Q

Name at least 3 hunting safety tips.

A
  • Be familiar with the basic rules of hunting safety and the regulations governing hunting in your area
  • For most types of hunting, you should wear a bright-colored vest or hat to help other hunters see you
  • Carry your gun with the muzzle pointing in a safe direction
  • Do not load a round into the gun’s chamber until you are in position to hunt
  • When the chamber in loaded, keep your gun’s safety on and keep your finger outside the trigger guard until you are ready to shoot
  • Make positive, visual identification of your target before you shoot
  • Be sure you unload your gun before climbing anything or crossing a slippery area
  • During the hunt, do not neglect wilderness survival skills if you are hunting in deep woods or a wilderness area
62
Q

What is the root that refers to the skin?

A

dermo or derma

63
Q

What is the suffix that means “inflammation”?

A

-itis

64
Q

What is the freezing of body tissue?

A

frostbite

65
Q

Name at least 3 winter sport safety precautions.

A
  • Dress warmly for any winter activity to help prevent frostbite and hypothermia
  • In extremely cold weather, periodically check the circulation in your nose, cheeks, ears, fingers, and toes – the places where frostbite is most likely to occur
  • In cold temperatures, injuries sometimes seem relatively painless – it is even possible with a fractured bone or badly damaged ligaments
  • In bright sunlight, use sunscreen and wear UV-protection on sunglasses to prevent snow blindness
66
Q

Name at least 3 snowmobile safety precautions.

A
  • Wear a helmet with tinted, shatter proof goggles or a face shield and layers of lightweight, windproof clothing that is flexible
  • Avoid rough terrain and steep hills where your snowmobile could easily tip and deep, soft snow in which the vehicle could get stuck
  • Slow down for turns and carefully approach roadways or trails
  • Watch out for low-hanging branched and snow-covered objects – the snowmobile provides little protection against injuries from a collision
  • Be aware of barbed and electric wired that could knock you off the snowmobile or cut you severely
  • Do not drive at excessive speeds or become involved in careless jumping which could cause you to be thrown from the vehicle
  • Never travel alone
  • Check the weather forecast before you leave, have a definite route planned, and inform someone at home of you exact plans, including your destination and expected time of return
  • Take along fire-building supplies and an emergency kit, including food, water, and first-aid supplies, and equipment to signal for help
67
Q

Name at least 3 ATV safety precautions.

A
  • Before operating an ATV, read the procedure and warning in the owner’s manual
  • Wear and approved motorcycle helmet and protective gear
  • Do not ride and ATV on public roads, especially paved roads
  • Be especially careful on slopes and when turning
  • Never ride double on an ATV
68
Q

Name at least 3 bicycle safety precautions.

A
  • Check your bike regularly for defective parts and excessive wear
  • Know and observe traffic laws
  • Always wear a helmet when riding your bike
  • To ride a bicycle safely at night, you need a headlight, taillight, and rear reflectors on your bike
69
Q

When do the most serious bicycle accidents occur?

A

when cyclists disregard traffic laws

70
Q

What is the most important item for a motorcyclist?

A

helmet

71
Q

Name at least 3 reasons why motorcycle safety is so important.

A
  • Per mile driven, motorcyclists are almost 37 times more likely to be killed in an accident than drivers of other cars
  • Nearly 75% of multivehicle motorcycle crashes are caused by drivers of other vehicles
  • Wearing a helmet can reduce your risk of brain injury by 37%
  • In nearly 50% of fatal motorcycle accidents, either the cyclist or the motorist was under the influence of alcohol
  • Taking a defensive riding course can significantly reduce your risk of motorcycle accidents
72
Q

What is the most important skill that a bike can develop?

A

defensive riding

73
Q

Name at least 3 precautions for biking safely on a motorcycle.

A
  • Improve your riding skills
  • Stay out of the “blind spots” of other vehicles
  • Keep your headlight on, even during the day to make yourself more visible
  • Always be prepared to avoid vehicles that may pull out in front of you
  • To keep your vehicle in good repair, inspect it regularly
  • Do not allow Passenger to ride with you unless you are an experienced rider
74
Q

What is the leading cause of accidental deaths in the United States?

A

traffic accidents

75
Q

Name at least 3 precautions to take when driving.

A
  • Pay attention to what you are doing, glancing to the sides and the rear-view mirror often
  • Leave plenty of space between you and the vehicle in front of you
  • Stay out of other drivers’ blind spots
  • If there is any water at all standing of the road, slow down
  • If the road is slippery, slow down and leve extra space behind the car in front of you
  • Avoid driving on ice if possible
  • Stay well away from drivers who seem distracted or drive erratically or aggressively
  • Do not drive is you are sleepy or taking certain medications
  • Keep your vehicle well maintained
76
Q

Name at least 3 ways to drive courteously.

A
  • Never pull out in front of other cars so that they have to slam of the brakes to avoid hitting you
  • Do not block faster traffic
  • Leave other drivers plenty of space when you change lanes
  • When merging onto an interstate or similar highway, accelerate as nearly as possible to highway speed in the acceleration lane and then merge into traffic
  • Avoid shining your high beams into the faces of other drivers at night
  • If your car breaks down, steer into the shoulder of the highway
77
Q

Name at least 3 safety precautions if you are a passenger of a vehicle.

A
  • Always use a seat belt, even if your vehicle is equipped with air bags
  • Do not place infants or small children in the front seat of a vehicle equipped with a passenger-side air bag
  • Never allow passengers to ride in the back of an open truck
  • Avoid carrying flammable substances in the trunk or passenger compartment of a vehicle
78
Q

What are more than 32% of all fatal traffic accidents related to?

A

alcohol

79
Q

What is an event of widespread destruction affecting many people?

A

disaster

80
Q

Name at least 3 precuations for natural disasters.

A
  • Have a battery-powered radio to listen to emergency broadcasts
  • Have one or more flashlights
  • Keep a supply of fresh batteries
  • Have a supply of precooked canned foods and a hand-operated can opener
  • Store a 2-week supply of bottled water
  • Keep the gas tank of one vehicle at least half full at all times
  • Know the location of your family’s first aid kit
  • Know how to turn off the main switches to the water, gas, and electricity in your home
81
Q

What are heavy snowstorms with high, persistent winds, low temperatures, and limited visibility?

A

blizzards

82
Q

What is a geological disturbance that results in the shaking of the earth’s crust?

A

earthquakes

83
Q

What is caused by the slow accumulation of waters from steady rainfall or melting snow that can usually be predicted?

A

flood

84
Q

What type of flood can occur suddenly without warning?

A

flash flood

85
Q

What type of weather phenomenon kills more people in the United States annually?

A

flood

86
Q

What is a powerful tropical storm with heavy rains and winds of 74-200 miles per hours?

A

hurricane

87
Q

What is a rainstorm with severe lightning?

A

thunderstorm

88
Q

What is a concentrated funnel-shaped storm whirling at speed of 100-300 miles per hour?

A

tornado

89
Q

What are potentially harmful substances that are released into the environment?

A

pollutants

90
Q

What is the balancing of difficult risks when considering a decision or policy?

A

risk assessment

91
Q

What type of power plants release a comparable amount of radiactive wastes directly into the environment?

A

coal-fired power plants

92
Q

Can the best safety choices eliminate risk?

A

no; they seek to minimize risk while maximizing benefits

Health (8 decks)

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