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Health > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is immediate medical attention given to a victim of an injury or sudden illness and should be given until qualified medical help arrives?

A

first aid

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2
Q

Should you move the victim of a medical emergency?

A

no, not unless his life in in danger

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3
Q

What is the technical term for choking?

A

respiratory obstruction

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4
Q

What should you do if the two breaths do not work?

A

tilt the head back and try again

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5
Q

What are the three steps that you should follow before you begin adminstering first aid in order?

A

check, call, care

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6
Q

Who provides emergency car to sick or injured victims?

A

EMT

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7
Q

Who can provide emergency advanced life support for sick or injured victims?

A

EMT-paramedic

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8
Q

What are the three life-threatening conditions that you should check for before administering first aid?

A
  • severe bleeding
  • not breathing
  • a blocked airway
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9
Q

What should you do with an infant if you did not see them collapse and they are nto breathing?

A

give 2 slow breaths

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10
Q

What should you do if an adult is forcefully coughing?

A

encourage them to keep coughing

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11
Q

How many back blows and how many abdominal thrusts should you do when a person is choking?

A

5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts

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12
Q

What should you do if a choking victim becomes unconscious?

A

kneel down and give 30 chest compressions

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13
Q

How can you tell if an infant is choking?

A

if it looks like he is throwing a tantrum, but no noise is coming out

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14
Q

What should you do if an infant is choking?

A

lay him on your arm and administer 5 back blows, then turn him over and give the 5 chest compressions

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15
Q

What should you do if a person’s airway is blocked with water?

A

begin CPR

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16
Q

What should you do with an infant if they are drowing?

A

before beginning CPR, do a finger sweep

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17
Q

What is the stopping of the heart?

A

cardiac arrest

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18
Q

What is the most common causes of cardiac arrest?

A

heart attacks

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19
Q

What does CPR stand for?

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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20
Q

What is a technique that combines artificial respiration with chest compressions to keep oxygen-rich blood circulating to the brain and heart?

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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21
Q

What is a device which applies a brief electrical shock to the heart that jolts its electrical system back to normal?

A

defibrillator

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22
Q

What are the arteries that become blocked when a heart attack occurs?

A

coronary arteries

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23
Q

How many chest compressions should you administer when performing CPR?

A

30

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24
Q

How many slow breaths should you administer when performing CPR?

A

2

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25
Q

How long should you do CPR on an unconscious victim?

A

until help arrives, you are too exhausted to continue, you see obvious signs of life, and Automated External Defibrillator arrives, or the scene become unsafe for you

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26
Q

What are the two things that CPR mimicks?

A

the heart beating and the lungs breathing

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27
Q

What is another name for severe bleeding?

A

hemorrhage

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28
Q

In most injuries, how can bleeding by controlled?

A

by continuous direct pressure

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29
Q

In addition to applying direct pressure, what position should a victim of hemorrhage be in?

A

lying down, flat on their back

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30
Q

What is the first step to controlling severe bleeding?

A

place a sterile gauze or clean bandage over the injured area and apply direct pressure

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31
Q

If the blood saturates the dressing, should you remove it to replace it with a clean one?

A

no, you should cover it with another dressing and continue to apply pressure

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32
Q

Why should you check for feeling when applying a pressure bandage?

A

their blood circulation could stop to that particular area

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33
Q

What is a potentially fatal condition that occurs when the body’s blood pressure drops to a critical low, causing imminent heart failure unless quickly treated?

A

shock

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34
Q

Why should you elevate the feet when a person goes into shock and they are lying down?

A

it encourages blood flow to the heart

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35
Q

Why should a victim of shock not be given anything to eat or drink? What should be done instead?

A

because the digestive system will call for more blood, which should be used for the heart; a wet cloth should be used to moisten his lips and mouth

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36
Q

Should you use the recovery position is you suspect a spinal injury?

A

no

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37
Q

Why is the recovery position so important if you have to leave an unconscious individual?

A

someone who is lying faceup may choke to death if blood, saliva or vomit blocks the airway, or if the tongue slides over the trachea

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38
Q

What type of burn only damages the epidermis and is characterized by redness and mild to moderate pain?

A

first-degreen burn

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39
Q

What should you do when you get a first-degree burn?

A
  • Immediately hold the burned area under cool running water until the pain is gone
  • Cover the burn loosely with a dry, sterile bandage
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40
Q

What type of burn burns through the epidermis into the dermis and exposes pain receptors?

A

second-degree burn

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41
Q

What burn is characterized by red skin, swelling, blisters, and extreme pain?

A

second-degree burn

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42
Q

Why should you never put ice directly onto a burn?

A

it may freeze the tissue

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43
Q

What two types of people should you receive immediate medical attention for if they receive a second-degree burn?

A

an infant or an elderly person

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44
Q

Why are third-degree burns painless?

A

because the nerve endings have been destroyed

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45
Q

What type of burn burns through the epidermis and dermis into the hypodermis and produces a whitish or charred appearance?

A

third-degree burn

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46
Q

What type of burn should be treated as medical emergency?

A

third-degree burn

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47
Q

Should you scrub the chemical off of you if you get a chemical? Why or why not?

A

no; because you may rub it into the skin and make it worse

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48
Q

How should you wash out chemicals if you get a chemical burn in your eye?

A

make sure the water is running away from the unaffected eye

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49
Q

What type of doctor treats eye diseases and disorders?

A

ophthalmologist

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50
Q

What are violent, involuntary muscle contractions that occur when motor neurons misfire?

A

convulsion

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51
Q

What is it called when a bone is forced out of its normal position at a joint?

A

dislocation

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52
Q

What should you use to immobilize the injured joint if a dislocation is suspected?

A

a splint

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53
Q

Why should you never touch an electric shock victim?

A

because the body is a conductor of electricity and you would get shocked too

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54
Q

What is an abbreviation for a defibrillator?

A

AED

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55
Q

What should you use if blood soaks through the bandages you have applied?

A

a pressure bandage

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56
Q

Besides the burn, what else should you treat for in a third-degree burn?

A

shock

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57
Q

Why should you treat a third-degree burn victim for shock?

A

because the hypodermis helps regulate body temperature

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58
Q

If you have to leave a victim for any time when no one is around, what position should you put them in?

A

the recovery postition

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59
Q

In what two instances should you call 911 if someone has a convulsion?

A

if they never had a convulsion before or if they are having the convulsions as a result of injuring their head

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60
Q

Why should you put a pillow under the head of a victim of a convulsion?

A

because the convulsion may lead them to hit their head on the floor repeatedly

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61
Q

Where should you secure a splint in relation to a dislocated joint?

A

above and below the injury

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62
Q

Even though you should not touch an electric shock victim, what else should you monitor them for?

A

check his breathing and heart beat

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63
Q

What is the common method for treating musculoskeletal injuries?

A

RICE (Rest, Immobilize, Cold, Elevate)

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64
Q

What does RICE stand for?

A

Rest, Immobilize, Cold, Elevate

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65
Q

What is a temporary loss of consciousness that is usually caused by too little blood flowing to the brain?

A

fainting

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66
Q

What should you tell a person to do, if they begin to look pale, and are feeling signs of dizziness or fatigue?

A

sit down and bend over, lowering the head below the level of the heart

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67
Q

Why should you tell someone showing signs of fainting to bend over?

A

because lowering the head below the level of the heart increases the flow of blood to the brain

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68
Q

What is any break, chip, or crack in a bone?

A

fracture

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69
Q

What type of fracture is it when the broken bone does not protrude through the skin?

A

closed fracture

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70
Q

What type of fracture is it when a break separated a bone into two or more fragments but does not pierce the skin?

A

closed complete fracture

71
Q

What type of fracture is just a crack or chip in a bone but still does not protrude through the skin?

A

closed incomplete fracture

72
Q

What type of fracture is it when the broken bone protrudes through the skin, causing an open wound?

A

open fracture

73
Q

Why should you check for circulation below the injury in a closed fracture?

A

because there may be internal bleeding

74
Q

What type of splint can be improvised from board, straight sticks, magazines, and folded newspapers?

A

rigid splint

75
Q

What type of splint uses a body part to splint an injured appendage?

A

anatomic splint

76
Q

What type of splint can be made from a rolled-up blanket, towel, or triangular bandage uses as a sling?

A

soft splint

77
Q

How are burns classified?

A

by the layers of skin burned though

78
Q

What is another name for the hypodermis?

A

subcutaneous layer

79
Q

What is shock?

A

when someone’s blood pressure drops too low

80
Q

What should you do if someone has recurring convulsions?

A

call 911

81
Q

What should you do with an electric shock victim if you can’t touch them?

A

touch them with something that has wood so it will not conduct electricity

82
Q

If there is an open fracture, should you try to push the bone back in yourself? Why or why not?

A

no; because you may damage arteries

83
Q

What occurs when body parts get so cold that ice crystals form the body tissues, killing or injuring the affected cells?

A

frostbite

84
Q

Why should you not rub a frostbitten area?

A

because it could cause further damage to the tissues, leading to further decay

85
Q

What is a condition in which the body temperature in higher than normal?

A

hyperthermia

86
Q

What are characterized by muscle cramps, heavy sweating, headache, and dizziness?

A

heat cramps

87
Q

What is a condition in which a person’s body temperature rises higher than normal because of excessive heat and/or dehydration?

A

heat exhaustion

88
Q

What is a life-threatening emergency in which excessive heat and/or dehydration causes the body temperature to rise uncontrollably?

A

heat stroke

89
Q

What is any medical treatment involving the use of colder cooling techniques?

A

cryotherapy

90
Q

What is rapid breathing that lowers the level of carbon dioxide in the blood far below normal levels?

A

hyperventilation

91
Q

What is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body temperature drops well below normal because of too much exposure to cold?

A

hypothermia

92
Q

What means sluggish, drowsy, and confused?

A

lethargic

93
Q

What may be caused by a nose injury, a cold or sinus infection, strenuous activity, high blood pressure, exposure to high altitudes or dry air, or blowing your nose too hard?

A

nosebleed

94
Q

How should you warm a frostbitten area?

A

by slowly immersing it in warm water not allowing it to touch the sides of the container

95
Q

What should you do with a frostbitten area after it has been warmed and appears flushed?

A

loosely wrap it in a dry, sterile bandage

96
Q

If a person has frostbite on their toes, should you allow them to walk?

A

no

97
Q

What should you immediately do if a person begins to have heat cramps?

A

move the victim out of the heat into the shade or a nearby air conditioned building

98
Q

If a person who received heat cramps was already moved out of the heat, what should be done next?

A

give them sips of cold water or commercial sports drink and massage the cramped muscle

99
Q

What are some signs of heat exhaustion?

A

heat cramps, excessive sweating; cool, moist, pale skin; and weakness or dizziness

100
Q

What should be done if a victim is showing signs of het exhaustion?

A

move them to a cool, shady area out of the heat immediately

100
Q

How often should a heat exhaustion victim be given water and how much water shoul be given?

A

1/2 cup of water every 15 minutes

101
Q

What should you do if a heat exhaustion victim shows sign of shock or heat stroke?

A

call 911

102
Q

What are some signs of heat stroke?

A

the inability to perspire, high fever, flushed appearance, constricted pupils, and rapid breathing

103
Q

What should immediately be done to a heat stroke victim after 911 has been called?

A

begin cryotherapy

104
Q

What should first be done with a victim of hyperventilation?

A

attempt to calm them

105
Q

What is a good way to restore carbon dioxide to a normal level in the blood when dealing with a hyperventilation victim?

A

instruct them to cup their hands and breathe into them, have the victim purse his lips and breathe out very slowly, and have the victim breathe into a paper bag

106
Q

If the victim of hyperventilation feels faint, what should he do?

A

lower his head below the level of his heart to increase the flow of blood to his brain

107
Q

Should the victim of a nosebleed tilt his head forward or backwards? Why?

A

forwards so prevent blood from running into the throat

108
Q

What should also be done to a victim of a nosebleed after you tilt their head forward?

A

apply direct pressure to the soft part of the nose and place cold, wet cloths on the bridge

109
Q

How long should direct pressure be held on the soft part of the nose when experiencing a nosebleed?

A

10 minutes

110
Q

If an ingested poison victim is unconscious or is having difficulty breathing, what should be done immediately?

A

call 911

111
Q

If an ingested poison victim is conscious, what should you do immediately?

A

call the poison control center

112
Q

While you are on the phone with the poison control center, what should you do?

A

follow the instructions of the EMT or poison control center personnel

113
Q

Should you use an emetic to induce vomiting if you are not instructed to do so by the poison control center?

A

no

114
Q

If it is not safe to move a victim of inhaled toxins, what should you do?

A

stay at a safe distance and call 911 immediately

115
Q

If it is safe to move a victim of inhaled toxins, what should you first do?

A

quickly get the victim to fresh air, then call 911

116
Q

After calling 911 for a victim of inhaled toxins, what should you continue to do?

A

check the victim’s breathing and begin CPR if needed

117
Q

For poisoning from an absorbed toxin, such as a solvent, pesticide, or other chemical, what should you wear when handling the victim if possible?

A

wear gloves

118
Q

After you put on gloves, what should you do to a victim of absorbed toxins1

A

quickly remove any jewelry or contaminated clothing that covers the area and flush the area with water

119
Q

If the victim of absorbed toxins is having trouble breathing, what should you do?

A

call 911 immediately

120
Q

For dealing with a victim of a poisonous plant, what should you always wear if possible?

A

gloves

121
Q

After you put on gloves, what should you do with the victim of a poisonous plant?

A

remove any contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with soap and water

122
Q

What mean attacking the circulatory system?

A

lemolytic

123
Q

What is any toxin that predominately affects the nervous system?

A

neurotoxin

124
Q

For a nonpoisonous snakebite, how should you treat the wound?

A

as with a puncture wound

125
Q

For dealing with a poisonous snakebite, what should you do first?

A

shout for help or call 911 yourself

126
Q

What is important to remember when dealing with a poisonous snakebite?

A

identify the snake or remember what it looks like

127
Q

Why is it important to remember what a poisonous snake looks like if someone gets bit?

A

because different snakebites require different kinds of strengths of antivenin

128
Q

What is the serum used to treat poisoning caused by animal or insect venom?

A

antivenin

129
Q

If there are two distinctive fang marks on a snakebite victim, what type of snake may have caued it?

A

a pit viper

130
Q

How does the coral snake inject venom into its victims?

A

it chews rather than stabbing, leaving a bruise and small cuts at the side of the bite

131
Q

While waiting for EMS personnel to arrive, what should you do to aid the victim of a snakebite?

A

calm them and keep them lying still with the injured area immobilized area level with or lower than the heart

132
Q

Why is it important to keep the affected snakebite area level with or lower than the heart?

A

so the poisoned blood does not circulate to the heart as quickly

133
Q

Why is it also important to remove any constrictive clothing and items such as rings, watches, and bracelets from around the affected snakebite area?

A

because blood circulation may be cut off if swelling occurs

134
Q

What should you monitor on a snakebite victim?

A

breathing, signs of shock, and shortness of breath

135
Q

If no telephone is available for a snakebite victim what should you do?

A

transport the victim to the nearest medical facility

136
Q

What are three things that you should never do to a snakebite?

A

(1) apply a tourniquet or cold compress
(2) make an incision in the wound
(3) administer pain medication, unless instructed to do so be a medical authority

137
Q

What is a life-threatening infectious disease that is often associated with puncture wounds?

A

tetanus

138
Q

What is tetanus also known as?

A

lockjaw

139
Q

What is a viral disease that is transmitted through the saliva of diseased animals?

A

rabies

140
Q

What should be done if you receive an insect sting?

A

scrape away the stinger from your skin

141
Q

What should you use to scrape away the stinger of an insect sting?

A

your fingernail or something hard like a credit card

142
Q

Why should you not use tweezers to remove an insect stinger?

A

it could squeeze more venom into the wound

143
Q

What should you do after the stinger is removed from an insect sting?

A

was the site and cover it with a sterile gauze pad or other clean dressing

144
Q

What should be applied to an insect sting to reduce pain and swelling?

A

a cold compress

145
Q

What are bloodsucking parasites that are usually found in wooded or grassy areas and transmit infectious diseases?

A

ticks

146
Q

What is an infectious disease that is caused by a bacterium spread widely by ticks?

A

Lyme disease

147
Q

If a tick is attached to the skin, what should you do to remove it?

A

grasp the tick with fine-pointed tweezers, as close to the skin as possible, and gently but firmly pull straight out until the tick releases its hold

148
Q

If tweezers are not available, how should you remove a tick attached to your skin?

A

use a disposable glove and remove it with your fingers

149
Q

After the tick is removed, what should you do immediately after?

A

wash the area with antibacterial soap and water

150
Q

If parts of the tick remain in the skin, what should you do?

A

seek medical help as soon as possible

151
Q

What should you observe the tick site for periodically?

A

Lyme disease

152
Q

What results when a muscle or tendon is pulled to the point of tearing?

A

strain

153
Q

What is the result of a stretched or torn ligament around a joint?

A

sprain

154
Q

At the time of a sprain or strain, what technique should you use to treat the injury?

A

RICE

155
Q

What does RICE stand for?

A

Rest
Immobilize
Cold
Elevate

156
Q

After you have done RICE to a strain or sprain, what should you do while the injury is swelling?

A

apply cold compresses for 20 minutes on and then 20 minutes off

157
Q

After the swelling in gone on a strain or sprain, what should you do with the injury?

A

apply heat periodically for 20-30 minutes

158
Q

After the swelling has gone down in a strain or sprain, should you continue to use the injured area if there is only a little pain?

A

absolutely not

159
Q

What is any injury to soft tissues including the layers of skin and the fat and muscle beneath the skin?

A

wound

160
Q

What type of wound is damage to the tissues under the skin’s surface?

A

closed wound

161
Q

What type of closed wound is another name for a bruise?

A

contusion

162
Q

What type of closed wound is a serious and sometimes difficult to detect?

A

internal bleeding

163
Q

What type of wound is any break in the skin or mucous membrane?

A

open wound

164
Q

What type of open wound are smooth-edged cuts?

A

incisions

165
Q

What type of open wound are jagged-edged cuts?

A

lacerations

166
Q

What type of open wound are scraped?

A

abrasions

167
Q

What type of open wound is caused by pointed objects piercing the skin and does not bleed much unless the penetrating object injures major blood vessels and internal organs?

A

punctures

168
Q

What should you do if you get a contusion?

A

apply direct pressure with a cold compress

169
Q

What should you do if you get a cut or abrasion?

A

wash thoroughly with antibacterial soap and water then cover with a bandage twice a day

170
Q

What should you do if you get a puncture wound?

A

wash thoroughly with antibacterial soap and water and seek medical attention as soon as possible

171
Q

What should you do if you get a puncture wound to the chest?

A

cover the wound with an airtight dressing, taping it in place leaving a corner loose, and monitor the victim for signs of shock

172
Q

If you get a puncture wound to the chest, should you remove the object? Why or why not?

A

no; it may cause severe bleeding

Health (10 decks)

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