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Health > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of the nervous system - it’s structure, functions, disorders, and diseases?

A

neurology

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2
Q

What prefix refers to the nervous system?

A

neuro-

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3
Q

Who is a doctor who treats diseases and disorders of the nervous system?

A

neurologist

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4
Q

What part of the nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord?

A

central nervous system (CNS)

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5
Q

What part of the nervous system consists of the nerves?

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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6
Q

What are the actual nerve cells of the body?

A

neurons

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7
Q

What part of a neuron contains a nucleus, sends and receives nerve impulses, and controls the cell’s growth?

A

cell body

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8
Q

What part of a neuron is the branching extensions from the cell that receive impulses from other neurons and send them to the cell body?

A

dendrites

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9
Q

What part of a neuron carry nerve impulses away from the cell body?

A

axons

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10
Q

What is the junction where the axon of a neuron connects to the dendrites of another neuron?

A

synapse

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11
Q

What are special chemicals that transmit messages from one neuron to another?

A

neurotransmitters

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12
Q

What type of neurons transmit information to the CNS from the senses as well as pain signals?

A

sensory neurons

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13
Q

What type of neurons relay signals from the CNS to other parts of the body?

A

motor neurons

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14
Q

What type of neurons are found only in the CNS and are responsible for information processing by the brain and spinal cord?

A

interneurons

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15
Q

What is a layer of protective tissues that cover the brain and the spinal cord?

A

meninges

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16
Q

What is a clear fluid that circulates through the meninges, causing the brain and spinal cord against impacts?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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17
Q

What is the most important and complex part of the nervous system?

A

brain

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18
Q

What is the largest part of the brain that is involved in conscious thought, memory, and interpreting sensroy information?

A

cerebrum

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19
Q

What is a thin layer of gray matter where most of the higher thought processes occur?

A

cerebral cortex

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20
Q

What is the part of the cerebrum that is associated with personality, judgements, and self-control?

A

frontal lobes

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21
Q

What is the part of the cerebrum that analyze the senses and allow you to feel sensations such as temperature, pressure, and pain, and to make judgements about such things as shape and texture?

A

parietal lobes

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22
Q

What is the part of the cerebrum that are responsible for vision?

A

occipital lobes

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23
Q

What is the part of the cerebrum that are associated with the senses of hearing, taste, and smell?

A

temporal lobes

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24
Q

What is the second part of the brain that learns certain movements which become a habit?

A

cerebellum

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25
Q

What is the base of the brain that all nerve fibers connecting the brain and the spinal cord must pass through?

A

brain stem

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26
Q

What part of the brain stem that contains nerve centers that regulate breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and other vital body functions?

A

medulla oblongata

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27
Q

What part of the brain stem assists the medulla oblongata in regulating repsiration?

A

pons

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28
Q

What part of the brain helps coordinate the movements of both eyes?

A

midbrain

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29
Q

What surrounds the brain stem and helps general and regulate emotions and coordinate overall brain activity?

A

limbic system

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30
Q

What routes nerve impulses to and from the cerebrum?

A

thalamus

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31
Q

What controls your body’s automatic systems?

A

hypothalamus

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32
Q

What is a thick bundle of nerve fibers that are located within the spinal cavity?

A

spinal cord

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33
Q

What is a quick, automatic response to a stimulus, processed by the spinal cord instead of the brain?

A

reflex

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34
Q

What are nerves that branch from the spinal cord?

A

spinal nerves

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35
Q

What are neurons that relay messages to the spinal cord?

A

sensory neurons

36
Q

What are neurons that relay messages from the spinal cord to all parts of the body?

A

motor neurons

37
Q

What are nerves that branch directly from the brain?

A

cranial nerves

38
Q

What is responsible for functions that you can control?

A

somatic nervous system

39
Q

What is responsible for functions that are not controlled consciously?

A

autonomic nervous system

40
Q

What stimulates organs when you are active, in danger, or under stress?

A

sympathetic division

41
Q

What stimulates organs while you rest?

A

parasympathetic division

42
Q

What are nerve endings in the dermis which are responsible for the senses of touch, temperature, and pain?

A

sensory receptors

43
Q

What type of sensory receptors are bar nerve endings that react to a particular type of strong stimulus?

A

pain receptors

44
Q

What type of sensory receptors are responsible for sensations of touch and pressure?

A

mechanoreceptors

45
Q

What type of sensory receptors respond to heat and cold?

A

thermoreceptors

46
Q

What type of sensory receptors respond to chemicals in the environment?

A

chemoreceptors

47
Q

What is the white of the eye?

A

sclara

48
Q

What is the colored part of the eye?

A

iris

49
Q

What is the opening through which light enters?

A

pupil

50
Q

What is the part of the eye that focuses rays of light which is located just behind the iris?

A

lens

51
Q

What is the part of the eye that detects the visual image and translated it into nerve impulses?

A

retina

52
Q

What type of cells are extremely sensitive to light and enable us to see in near-darkness?

A

rod cells

53
Q

What type of cells can distinguish between light of different colors?

A

cone cells

54
Q

What is a large bundle of nerve fibers that extend from the rear of each eye?

A

optic nerve

55
Q

What is the inability to focus on faraway objects?

A

myopia; nearsightedness

56
Q

What is the inability to focus on nearby objects?

A

hyperopia; farsightedness

57
Q

What is the inability to focus perfectly at any distance?

A

astigmatism

58
Q

What prefix means “less than, beneath, or below”?

A

hypo-

59
Q

What prefix means “mechanical” or having to do with physical forces?

A

mechano-

60
Q

What prefix means “heat”?

A

therm- or thermo-

61
Q

What means “chemical”?

A

chemo-

62
Q

What refers to muscle?

A

my- or myo-

63
Q

What suffix refers to the eye?

A

-op or -ops

64
Q

What suffix means “condition”?

A

-ia

65
Q

What is the part of the ear that you can see?

A

outer ear

66
Q

What is the part of the outer ear that is a short tube that leads into the head?

A

auditory canal

67
Q

What is a thin membrane that is stretched tightly across the end of the auditory canal?

A

eardrum

68
Q

What is the part of the ear that is a a small, hollow chamber within the temporal bone of the skull?

A

middle ear

69
Q

What is a fluid-filled chamber within the temporal bone in the inner ear?

A

cochlea

70
Q

What is the part of the inner ear that transmits nerve impulses generated in the cochlea to the brain?

A

auditory nerve

71
Q

What is the unit of loudness of sounds?

A

decibel

72
Q

What is a form of partial or complete hearing loss due to repeated or prolonged exposure to excessively loud sounds?

A

sensorineural deafness (nerve deafness)

73
Q

What is the part of the outer ear that gathers as much sound as it possibly can?

A

trumpet

74
Q

Name at least three possible signs of mental disorders.

A
  • inability to concentrate
  • severe sleep disturbances
  • sudden or severe mood changes
  • frequent feelings of hopelessness
  • self-destrictive actions, such as overeating or undereating
75
Q

What is an eating disorder characterized by self-imposed malnutrition and severe weight loss?

A

anorexia nervosa

76
Q

What is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by “purging” through vomiting or laxitives?

A

bulimia

77
Q

What is another abnormal disorder in which a person fails to control his appetite in which he may use food as an “escape” from negative feelings?

A

compulsive overeating

78
Q

What does the Bible refer to compulsive overeating as?

A

gluttony

79
Q

What is the result of fears and apprehensions that interfere with everyday life?

A

anxiety disorders

80
Q

What is the best-known type of anxiety disorder?

A

phobia

81
Q

What refers to hearing?

A

auditory

82
Q

What is the suffix that means “killing”?

A

-cide

83
Q

What is the challenges that face us in life and our responses to those challenges?

A

stress

84
Q

What is the body’s automatic response to increase your ability to fight for survival or flee to safety?

A

“fight or flight” response

85
Q

When is stress a good thing?

A

when it is mild because it helps you perform at your best

86
Q

When is stress a bad thing?

A

when it is in excessive or mishandled amounts because it can cause you to “crack” under pressure and make mistakes

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