chapter 6

Question 1

centralization

Answer 1

The process of systematically retaining power and authority in the hands of higher-level managers

Question 2

Decentralization

Answer 2

The process of systematically delegating power and authority throughout the organization to middle- and lower-level managers

Question 3

coordination

Answer 3

The process of linking the activities of the various departments of the organization

Question 4

delegation

Answer 4

The process by which a manager assigns a portion of his or her total workload to others

Question 5

Job specialization

Answer 5

The degree to which the overall task of the organization is broken down and divided into smaller component parts

Question 6

organizational size

Answer 6

Total number of full-time or full-time-equivalent employees

Question 7

Pooled interdependence

Answer 7

When units operate with little interaction; their output is pooled at the organizational level

Question 8

sequential interdependence

Answer 8

When the output of one unit becomes the input for another in a sequential fashion

Question 9

Reciprocal interdependence

Answer 9

When activities flow both ways between units

Question 10

team organization

Answer 10

relies on project-type teams, with little or no underlying hierarchy

Question 11

virtual organization

Answer 11

One that has little or no formal structure

Question 12

learning organization

Answer 12

Promotes lifelong learning and personal growth for employees, while adapting to changing demands.

Question 13

Job rotation

Answer 13

involves moving employees from one job to another

Question 14

Job enlargement

Answer 14

increases the total number of tasks that workers perform

Question 15

job enrichment

Answer 15

increase both the number of tasks a worker does and the control the worker has over the job

Question 16

job characteristics approach

Answer 16

takes into account the work system and employee preferences

Question 17

Functional departmentalization

Answer 17

Grouping jobs involving the same or similar activities

Question 18

Product departmentalization

Answer 18

Grouping activities around products or product groups

Question 19

Location departmentalization

Answer 19

Grouping jobs on the basis of defined geographic sites or areas

Question 20

customer departmentalization

Answer 20

Grouping activities to respond to and interact with specific customers or customer groups

Question 21

Unit or small-batch technology

Answer 21

Products are custom-made to customer specifications or produced in small quantities.

Question 22

Large-batch or mass-production technology.

Answer 22

Products are manufactured in assembly-line fashion by combining component parts into another part or finished product.

Question 23

Continuous-process technology.

Answer 23

Raw materials are transformed into finished products by a series of machine or process transformations

Question 24

mechanistic organization

Answer 24

Similar to the bureaucratic model, most frequently found in stable environments

Question 25

organic organization

Answer 25

Very flexible and informal model of organization design, most often found in unstable and unpredictable environments

Question 26

integration

Answer 26

Degree to which the various subunits must work together in a coordinated fashion

Question 27

differentiation

Answer 27

The extent to which the organization is broken down into subunits

Question 28

Functional (U-Form) Design

Answer 28

members and units in the organization are grouped into functional departments such as marketing and production.

Question 29

Conglomerate (H-Form) Design

Answer 29

Used by an organization made up of a set of unrelated businesses

Question 30

Divisional (M-Form) Design

Answer 30

Based on multiple businesses in related areas operating within a larger organizational framework

Question 31

matrix design

Answer 31

Based on two overlapping bases of departmentalization