Chapter 5B Flashcards

brain structures involved in memory

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1
Q

3 main areas of the brain involved in long term explicit memory

A
  • hippocampus
  • amygdala
  • neocortex
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2
Q

the hippocampus where is it and what is it

A
  • Middle of the temporal lobe,
  • One per hemisphere
  • Has many connections with the neocortex and
    amygdala (emotional memories)
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3
Q

role of the hippocampus

A
  • The hippocampus is involved in the consolidation, encoding, and aiding the retrieval of explicit episodic and semantic memories, however it does not store explicit memories itself.
  • Through its interactions with the amygdala, the hippocampus plays an important role in the
    formation of emotionally arousing memories. In particular, the hippocampus consolidates the
    explicit aspects (i.e. the when and where and who) of the emotionally arousing event.
  • The hippocampus is important for spatial memory, which aids our navigation of our environ-
    ment.
  • the type of long term memory that is encoded by the hippocampus is explicit
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4
Q

the amygdala where is it what is it

A
  • Small structure around the middle of temporal lobe
  • One per hemisphere
  • Interconnected with hippocampus and other brain
    regions
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5
Q

role of the amygdala

A
  • The amygdala, has a role in processing, regulating, and retrieving emotional aspects of memories, particularly fear and anger. It also has a vital role
    in forming classically conditioned emotional responses. However, it does not permanently
    store emotional memories.
  • long term explicit memory
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6
Q

neocortex where is it what is it

A
  • Thin outer layer of the cerebral cortex
  • 2 hemispheres (left and right)
  • 4 lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal)
  • Connected to almost every other part of the brain
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7
Q

role of the neocortex

A
  • The neocortex is the largest part of the cerebral cortex, and hence is involved in long-term
    storage of explicit episodic and semantic memories as well as in coordinating the retrieval
    of aspects of explicit memories.
  • Explicit aspects that are encoded in the hippocampus are eventually transferred to the neocortex for storage. It is said that information is stored where it is first processed. For example,
    visual information is most likely to be stored in the occipital lobe, where it would have been
    processed. Similarly, auditory information would be stored in the temporal lobe, and other
    sensory information in the parietal lobe
  • long term explicit memory
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8
Q

2 main areas of the brain involved in long term implicit memory

A
  • cerebellum
  • basal ganglia
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9
Q

the cerebellum where is it and what is it

A
  • At the base of the brain
  • Has multiple roles - coordinates fine muscle
    movements, regulates posture and balance, and
    assists with various perceptual and cognitive
    processes.
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10
Q

role of the cerebellum

A

The cerebellum is directly involved in encoding and the temporary storage of implicit procedural
memories for motor skills and classically conditioned responses It also plays a
role in coordinating movement and fine motor skills.
The cerebellum also permanentlv stores simple classicallv conditioned motor skills such as
blinking in response to a puff of air.
- long term implicit memory

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11
Q

the basal ganglia where is it and what is it

A
  • In the middle of the brain, one per side
  • Interconnected with the cerebellum
  • Involved in motor learning, executive functions and
    behaviors, habits and emotions
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12
Q

role of the basal ganglia

A

The basal ganglia has a role in cognition, regulating movement, and implicit memory procedural memories, particularly
memories related to building habits and motor memories.
- long term implicit memory
an example would be knowing how to ride a bike

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