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biology > Chapter 54 - Community Ecology > Flashcards

Chapter 54 - Community Ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Competitive exclusion

A

one species drives other locally extinct

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2
Q

Resource partitioning

A

species evolve to use different resources

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3
Q

Ecological niche

A

sum of a species use of resources in the environment

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4
Q

Fundamental niche

A

natural use of resources

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5
Q

Realized niche

A

portion of niche used due to resource partitioning

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6
Q

Competition

A

lose/lose

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7
Q

Predation

A

win/lose

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8
Q

Predator adaptations

A

claws, teeth, fangs, stingers, poison to catch/subdue food

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9
Q

Prey adaptations

A

mechanical defense, chemical defense, cryptic coloration, aposematic coloration, bayesian mimicry, müllerian mimicry

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10
Q

Mechanical defense

A

tough skin, shell, spines

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11
Q

Chemical defense

A

toxins, repellants

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12
Q

Cryptic coloration

A

camouflage to hide

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13
Q

Aposematic coloration

A

warning coloration signifying poisonous

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14
Q

Bayesian mimicry

A

harmless species mimics harmful one

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15
Q

Müllerian mimicry

A

harmful species mimics another harmful species

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16
Q

Herbivory

A

an organism eats part of all plant/alga

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17
Q

Oligophagus

A

specialists, feed on one or few taxonomically related plants

18
Q

Polyphagus

A

feed on many unrelated plants, generalists

19
Q

Symbiosis

A

different species living in direct/intimate contact

20
Q

Parasitism

A

win/lose

21
Q

Parasite derives nourishment from ___

A

host

22
Q

Endoparasite

A

living in the body of host

23
Q

Ectoparasite

A

feed on external surface of host

24
Q

Mutualism

A

win/win

25
Q

Nitrogen fixing bacteria live in ___

A

root nodules of legume

26
Q

Commensalism

A

win/zero

27
Q

Ammensalism

A

zero/lose

28
Q

Coevolution

A

adaptation in one species leading to evolution of reciprocal adaptation in other interacting species

29
Q

Arms race

A

positive feedback, increased frequency of evolving adaptations and counter adaptations

30
Q

Tetrodotoxin

A

neurotoxin that blocks sodium channels in neurons (paralysis of diaphragm, respiratory failure, death)

31
Q

Trophic structure

A

feeding relationship between organisms

32
Q

Primary producers

A

plants

33
Q

Primary consumer

A

herbivore

34
Q

Secondary consumer

A

carnivores of herbivores

35
Q

Quaternary consumer

A

apex predator

36
Q

Decomposers

A

detrivores

37
Q

Food web

A

organisms may consume at more than one trophic level

38
Q

Dominant species

A

most abundant species or collectively has fights biomass

39
Q

Keystone species

A

not usually most abundant but still ever strong influence on community (trees shade env., changing nutrients in soil)

40
Q

Ecosystem engineers

A

species that drastically alter their environment (ex. beavers built dams over rivers)

biology (15 decks)

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