Chapter 35 - Plant Structure Flashcards
Root
Organ that anchors plants in soil, absorbs minerals and water, and stores carbohydrates.
Taproot
Main root in dicots
Lateral root
Branch root
Fibrous root system
mat of thin roots spreading below soil surface. Shallow roots adapted to absorb water at surface. Found in monocots.
Root hairs
Increase surface area to absorb water
Root cap
Protects apical meristem
Modified roots
Prop roots, storage roots, strangling aerial roots, buttress roots, pneumatophores
Prop roots
Above ground structure to support plants
Storage roots
Store water and foot (beet)
Strangling Aerial roots
Wrap around host plant toward the ground
Buttress roots
Above ground, support to hold up large trees
Pneumatophores
Air roots, acquire air for underwater root system
Stem
Organ that raises leaves and reproductive structures
Node
Point where leaves are attached
Internode
Space in between nodes on a stem
Apical bud
Growing point at top of stem (terminal bud)
Axillary bud
Growing point at nodes on the sides, form branches (lateral shoot)
Apical dominance
Axillary buds close to the apical buds are inhibited. Cut off apical bud, releases axillary buds to grow
Modified stems
Rhizome, bulb, stolon, tubers
Rhizome
Horizontal shoot growing underground
Bulb
Underground storage shoot
Stolon
Runners, horizontal shoot for sexual reproduction
Tubers
Enlarged ends of stolons or rhizomes for storing food
Leaves
Main photosynthetic organ
