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Egans 11th > Chapter 53 Neo/Peds Resp Care > Flashcards

Chapter 53 Neo/Peds Resp Care Flashcards

1
Q

Fetal problems associated with maternal diabetes?

A

LGA, congenital malformations, RDS, hypoglycemia

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2
Q

Fetal problems associated with pregnancy induced hypertension

A

Prematurity, SGA (preeclampsia)

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3
Q

Fetal problems associated with mother being 17 yrs old or less

A

Prematurity, low birth weight

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4
Q

Fetal problems associated with mother being 35 or older

A

chromosome defects, prematurity

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5
Q

Fetal complications associated with placenta previa

A

prematurity, bleeding, SGA

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6
Q

Fetal problems associated with apruptio placenate

A

fetal asphyxia (lack of oxygen), bleeding

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7
Q

Fetal problems associated with alcohol consumption

A

SGA, CNS dysfunction, mental retardation

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8
Q

Fetal problems associated with smoking during pregnancy

A

SGA, SIDS, prematurity, mental retardation

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9
Q

Fetal problems associated with maternal drug use

A

Placental abruption, IUGR, prematurity, CNS abnormalities, withdrawal disorders

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10
Q

A L:S ratio greater than 2:1 indictes?

A

Mature surfactant.

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11
Q

Presence of 1% or greater PG indicates

A

Less than 1% risk of RDS

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12
Q

Normal fetal heart rate is?

A

120-160 bpm

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13
Q

Fetal heart rate 180 or greater can be caused by?

A

Prematurity, maternal fever

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14
Q

Early fetal decelerations indicate?

A

Vagal response to compression of fetal head during contractions. Usually benign

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15
Q

Late decelerations indicate?

A

Impaired blood flow to fetus. Is a serious risk

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16
Q

Variable decelerations is related to?

A

Cord compression

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17
Q

Fetal scalp ph less than ___ may indicate fetal asphixia

A

7.20

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18
Q

What is the most important step in neonatal resuscitation?

A

Ventilation

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19
Q

What are the 5 things scored in apgar

A 
Heart rate
Respiratory effort
Muscle tone
Reflex irritability 
Colour
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20
Q

What is the 5 minute targeted preductal SPO2

A

80-85

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21
Q

When do you start chest compressions.

A

When heart rate is below 60 with 30 seconds of effective ventilation

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22
Q

If you are giving Ppv and no chest rise what do you do

A

MRSOPA

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23
Q

What is m in mrsopa

A

Mask seal

24
Q

What is r in mrsopa

A

Reposition airway

25
Q

What is s in mrsopa

A

Suction mouth and nose

26
Q

What is p in mrsopa

A

Pressure increase

27
Q

What is o in mrsopa

A

Open mouth

28
Q

What is a in mrsopa

A

Alternative airway

29
Q

What are two systems used to estimate gestational age

A

Ballard and dubowitz

30
Q

How much does a low birth weight baby weigh

A

2500g or less

31
Q

How much does a very low birthweight baby weigh

A

Less than 1500g

32
Q

How much does an extremely low birthweight baby weigh

A

Less than 1000g

33
Q

What impairs thermoregulstion in premature babies

A

Large surface area to body weight ratio

34
Q

Normal resp rate of infants

A

40-60

35
Q

Where is the apical pulse located on infants

A

The 5th intercostal mid clavicular line

36
Q

Causes of slow respiratory rates in infants

A

Hypothermia or neurological impairment

37
Q

What can weak pulses on infants indicate

A

Hypotension, shock or vasoconstriction

38
Q

What does bounding infant pulses indicate

A

A patent ductus Ateriosus with left to right shunt

39
Q

What is suggested by a strong brachial pulse and a weak femoral pulse

A

PDA or coarction of the aorta

40
Q

A pre and post ductal difference greater than 5 percent indicates

A

Pphn

41
Q

Indications for surfactant

A

Rds
Less than 34 weeks with increased work of breathing
Meconium aspiration

42
Q

Stridor / inspiratory noises indicate

A

Upper airway conditions

43
Q

Exploratory noises indicate

A

Lower airway problems

44
Q

Signs of impending resp failure

A

Head bobbing and seesaw respirations

45
Q

What is the narrowest part of the airway in babies

A

Cricoid cartilage

46
Q

When is cpap indicated

A 
Respiratory distress with increased work of breathing 
Apnea of prematurity 
Decreased lung volume on cxr
Hypoxemic resp failure 
Post extubation failure
47
Q

Contraindications for cpap

A

Choanal atresia, Tef, cdh

48
Q

Indications for intubation/ventilation

A

Respiratory failure
Cdh
Post thoracic surgery
Surfactant delivery

49
Q

Ideal mode of ventilation for neonates

A

Pressure regulated volume control

50
Q

Criteria for extubating neonates

A

Rr set to 20, spont rr 40 or more
Fio2 less than 40
Spont vt 4-5 mls / kg
Stable vitals and hemodynamics

51
Q

How to adjust ventilation on hfo

A

Changing amps-increase to decrease co2

52
Q

How to adjust oxygenation in hfo

A

Increase map or fio2

53
Q

How does gas exchange occur in hfjv

A

Convection and diffusion

54
Q

Indications for ino in neonates

A

Pphn
Cdh
Oi greater than 25

55
Q

What does Heliox do

A

Reduces pressure needed to overcome airway resistance

56
Q

When is heliox less effective

A

When high oxygen concentrations are neeeded

Egans 11th (13 decks)

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