Chapter 24-Pulmonary Infections Flashcards
What is hap?
Pneumonia that occurs in a patient hospitalized for 2 or more days in the past 90 days
How long after admission must pneumonia develop to be considered hap
48 hours or more
Vap develops more than ___ hours after intubation.
48
What can cause pneumonia
Inhalation of infectious particles
Aspiration of organisms
Spread of infection from adjacent structures
Spread of infection from blood
Reactivation of latent infection, caused by immunosuppressive
Patients with hiv typically develop pneumonia from
P.jirovecii or p.Carinii
Cytomegalovirus pneumonia typically develops in patients receiving
Bone marrow or organ transplants
What organism typically causes cap
Streptococcus
What is the most common organism causing necrotizing pneumonia
Mrsa
What is nosocomial pneumonia
Hospital acquired pneumonia
Most common organism for vap
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Symptoms of pneumonia
Fever
Cough
Excess sputum
Pleuritic chest pain
What pneumonia causing organisms are considered high risk
Acinebacter
Steno
P.aeruginosa
What is the drug of choice for p jirovecii
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim
What drug is used for severe p.jirovecii
Pentamidine
What organism causes tb
M. Tuberculosis
Risk factors for tb
Head and neck cancer
Celiac disease
Receiving corticosteroids
What are the phases of pulmonary tb
Primary
Reactivation
Endobronchial tb
Tuberculoma
What are symptoms of primary tb
Fever
Chest pain
Symptoms of reactivation tb
Fever
Cough
Night sweats
Weight loss
Complications of tb include
Emyema
Bronchiectasis
Pulmonary parenchyma distruction
Hemoptysis
What is extrapulmonary tb
Tb that spreads beyond the lung
What can be effected by extrapulmonary tb
Cns system
Musculoskeletal system
Lymph nodes
What is the gold standard for tb diagnosis
Culture isolation- but it could take 4-6 weeks to grow
What is the isolation requirement for tb
Airborne
What are treatments for tb
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
