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Egans 11th > Chapter 25-Obstructive Lung Disease > Flashcards

Chapter 25-Obstructive Lung Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is copd

A

A progressive obstructive lung disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation

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2
Q

What is emphysema

A

Abnormal enlargement and destruction of airspaces beyond the terminal bronchiole

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3
Q

What is chronic bronchitis

A

Chronic productive cough for at least 3 months per year of 2 consecutive years

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4
Q

What are the two most common risk factors for copd

A

Cigarette smoking

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

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5
Q

What treatment can be done for patients with copd and a-1-anti trypsin deficiency

A

I.v augmentation therapy

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6
Q

Breath sounds with copd include

A

Wheezing or diminished breath sounds

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7
Q

Symptoms of copd

A

Productive cough
Wheezing
Dyspnea on exertion

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8
Q

What are late signs of copd

A

Diaphragm flattening
Hoover sign-chest wall drawn inward at level of diaphragm
Edema
Cor pulmonale

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9
Q

When should aat deficiency be suspected

A

When copd presents in a non smoker
Someone under 50
Family history of liver or lung disease
Emphysema present more in lung bases

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10
Q

Mild copd diagnosis is

A

Fev1/Fvc less than 70%

And fev1 greater than 80% predicted

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11
Q

Moderate copd diagnosis is

A

Fev1/Fvc less than 70%

And fev1 50-80% predicted

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12
Q

Severe copd is

A

Fev1/Fvc less than 70%

And fev1 30-50% predicted

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13
Q

Very severe copd diagnosis is

A

Fev1/Fvc less than 70%

And fev1 less than 30% predicted

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14
Q

What is asthma

A

Airway inflammation and obstruction that is reversible spontaneously or with treatment

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15
Q

Symptoms of asthma

A

Wheezing
Dyspnea
Chest tightness
Cough

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16
Q

How can a diagnosis of asthma be confirmed by pft

A

Fev1 or fvc improvement by at least 12% and 200 mls post bronchodilator

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17
Q

The diagnosis of asthma can be excluded by which test

A

Methacholine test

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18
Q

Peak flow measurement of 80-100 indicates

A

Green zone

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19
Q

Peak flow measurement of 60-80 indicates

A

Yellow zone

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20
Q

Peak flow measurement of less than 60 indicates

A

Red zone

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21
Q

Red zone requires

A

Immediate medical attention

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22
Q

What is bronchiectasis

A

Chronic production of purulent sputum

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23
Q

What is the standard of diagnosis for bronchiectasis

A

Ct- diagnosed when the diameter of the bronchus exceeds the diameter of the adjacent pulmonary artery branch

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24
Q

What are the three patterns of bronchiectasis

A

Cylindrical
Varicose
Cystic

25
Q

What is cylindrical bronchiectasis

A

Airway wall is uniformly dialated

26
Q

What is varicose bronchiectasis

A

Irregular pattern with areas of constriction and dilation

27
Q

What is cystic bronchiectasis

A

Progressive distal enlargement of the airways

28
Q

Mmrc of 1 and cat of 9 with no exasperation’s in the last year is

A

A

29
Q

Mmrc of 1 and cat of 9 with 2 exasperation’s in the last year is

A

C

30
Q

Mmrc of 2 and cat of 11 with 2 exasperation’s in the last year is

A

D

31
Q

Mmrc of 2 and cat of 11 with no exasperation’s in the last year is

A

B

32
Q

Mild copd treatment

A

Lama

33
Q

Moderate copd treatment

A

Lama/laba

34
Q

Severe copd treatment

A

Higher dose lama/laba

35
Q

Asthma copd overlap treatment

A

Ics/laba

36
Q

Panlobular emphysema is typically caused by

A

Genetics

37
Q

Panlobular emphysema is destruction of

A

All airspace’s

38
Q

Centrulobular emphysema is usually caused by

A

Smoking

39
Q

Centrilobular emphysema is destruction of

A

Central alveoli

40
Q

Signs and symptoms of emphysema

A

Barrel chest
Dyspnea
Polycythemia
Nonproductive cough

41
Q

Signs of bronchiectasis

A

Chronic cough
Recurrent infections
Hemoptysis

42
Q

Asthma is increased

A

Airway resistance

43
Q

Copd is decreased

A

Lung compliance

44
Q

Extrinsic asthma is a result of

A

Antigen and antibody reactions on mast cells in resp tract

45
Q

Extrinsic asthma usually presents with

A

Food allergies
Eczema
Increased eosinophils

46
Q

Intrinsic asthma may be caused by

A

Autonomic nervous system dysfunction

47
Q

What drugs can trigger asthma attacks

A

Aspirin and beta blockers

48
Q

What are the 4 questions for asthma control

A

1-daytime symptoms more than 2x a week
2-reliever needed more than2x a week
3- any activity limitation
4-any night waking

49
Q

A score of 0 on the questions for asthma control indicates

A

Well controlled asthma

50
Q

A score of 1-2 on the questions for asthma control indicates

A

Partly controlled

51
Q

A score of 3-4 on the questions for asthma control indicates

A

Poor control

52
Q

Step 1 asthma treatment

A

Ics or formoterol prn

53
Q

Step 2 asthma treatment

A

Daily low dose formoterol or ics

54
Q

Step 3 asthma treatment

A

Low dose ics/laba

55
Q

Step 4 asthma treatment

A

Med dose ics/laba

56
Q

Step5 asthma treatment

A

High dose ics/laba and oral steroids

57
Q

What time of day should peak flow be measured

A

In the morning

58
Q

What step should an expert be seen for asthma management

A

Step 4 or 5

59
Q

What should you do in yellow zone

A

Increase controller med

Egans 11th (13 decks)

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