Chapter 5: Skin Flashcards
What are the two layers of the skin?
What layer is below the skin? What layer is below that?
What do lamellate corpuscles detect?
skin: epidermis and dermis
subcutaneous is below the skin (large blood vessels, areolar and adipose connective tissue), and fascia is below that
lamellate corpuscles: detect pressure
What are the most common cells in the epidermis? What are the other three cells?
Keratinocytes have which granules that release a lipid sealant?
most common: keratinocytes (90%)
other three: melanocytes (8%), intra-epidermal macrophages (immune response), tactile epithelial cells (detect touch, least common)
lamellar granules
Which layer does tough skin have that thin skin doesn’t?
What are the five stratum of tough skin?
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum (superficial), stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
Which skin stratum produces new cells?
Which skin stratum has apoptosis?
Which skin stratum is the thickest?
Which skin stratum has keratohyalin and lamellar granules?
Which skin stratum has tonofilaments (keratin precursor)?
Which skin stratum has tactile epithelial cells?
Which two layers have melanocytes?
Which layer has macrophages?
produces new cells: stratum basale apoptosis: stratum granulosum thickest: stratum corneum keratohyalin (make keratin)/lamellar granules: stratum granulosum tonofilaments: stratum basale tactile epithelial: stratum basale melanocytes: stratum basale and spinosum macrophages: stratum spinosum
Which hormone-like protein controls skin growth?
What causes psoriasis?
What is a callus?
epidermis growth factor (EGF) controls skin growth
psoriasis: keratinization occurs quickly (7-10 days instead of 4-6 weeks) and get abnormal keratin
callus: area of thick corneum
Most common cell in the dermis layer?
Does the dermis layer have collagen, elastic fibres, fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, blood vessels, nerves, glands and hair follicles?
What are the two layers of the dermis? Which is larger? Which is stronger?
Fibroblasts
Yep
Papillary region and reticular region; reticular region is larger; reticular region is stronger (more regular and thick collagen bundles)
What do dermal papillae all have? What do some have?
Does the reticular region have collagen, fibroblasts, wandering cells, adipose, elastic fibres, blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, oil and sweat glands?
all have capillary loops; some have Meissner corpuscles (touch), nerve endings (warmth, cool, pain, tickling and/or itching)
yep
What are epidermal ridges due to? Function?
What three things create skin pigment?
epidermis produces down into dermis between dermis papillae; strengthens bond between layers, improves grip, more surface area for sensitivity/touch, makes fingerprints
skin pigment: melanin, hemoglobin, carotene
What are the two types of melanin? What do albinos lack? What is vitiligo due to? What is jaundice due to? Another name for hair?
melanin: pheomelanin (yellow to red) and eumelanin (brown to black)
albinos: lack tyrosinase (to make tyrosine to melanin)
vitiligo: loss of melanocytes
jaundice: bilirubin build up (yellow, due to liver disease)
hair: pili
Where is hair root? What are the three layers of hair? What is arrector pili? What is hair root plexus? What is hirsutism? Terminal hair vs vellus hair?
dermis or subcutaneous
three layers: medullar, cortex, cuticle
arrector pili: smooth muscle around hair follicle
plexus: generates nerve impulses if hair shaft moved
hirsutism: increased androgens, increases hairiness
terminal hair is thick and pigmented, vellus is fine
How much melanin do grey and white hair have?
What are the three types of exocrine glands? What type of shape are they?
What are the two types of sudoriferous glands?
grey: little melanin, white: no melanin
exocrine: sebaceous, sudoriferous (sweat, mammary) and ceruminous; they are simple branched acinar glands
eccrine or apocrine
Which produces a stinky smell: eccrine or apocrine glands?
Where are apocrine glands?
Which is not in sweat: salt, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, ammonia, amino acid, glucose and lactic acid?
Are both eccrine and apocrine sweat part of emotional sweating?
apocrine
armpits, groin, nipples, beard area (men)
cholesterol isn’t
yes
What does apocrine sweat have that eccrine doesn’t?
Where does sweating to cool down start?
Where does emotional sweating start?
Where aren’t eccrine sweat glands?
lipids and proteins
forehead/scalp
palms
lips, nail beds, ear drum, genitals
What is insensible sweating?
Where are ceruminous glands?
What is the hyponychium?
What layer of skin doesn’t the nail bed have?
sweat that immediately evaporates
eardrum
part of skin that secures nail to finger
stratum granulosum
What type of skin has hair: thick or thin?
What happens to blood flow in skin when warm?
Which type of cells identify microbes and which cell kills them?
What type of molecules can the skin absorb?
thin
vasodilation so more blood flow, so more heat loss
intraepidermal macrophages identifies, macrophages kill them
lipids (ex. vit A, D, E and K)
