Chapter 1: Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy vs physiology?

A

anatomy: structure
physiology: function

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2
Q

6 levels of structure organization?

A

chemical -> cell -> tissue -> organ -> system -> organism

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3
Q

Which is not one of the 11 systems of human body?
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, psychological, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, reproductive, lymphatic, respiratory

A

psychological

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4
Q

What time period of life does embryology anatomy study?

A

anatomy: fertilization to 8 weeks

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5
Q

What time period of life does developmental anatomy study?

A

anatomy: fertilization to death

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6
Q

What is histology?

A

anatomy: tissue microscopic structure

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7
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A

anatomy: don’t need a microscope

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8
Q

What does systemic anatomy study?

A

anatomy: specific region with common function

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9
Q

What is pathological anatomy?

A

anatomy: changes from disease

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10
Q

What are the four types of tissue?

A

epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

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11
Q

What does epithelial tissue do?

A

covers body surface, lines hollow organs and cavities, forms glands

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12
Q

What are the word metaphors for the 6 levels of organization?

A

chemicals (letters), cells (words), tissue (sentences), organs (paragraphs), system (chapter), organism (book)

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13
Q

Match integumentary system vs skeletal system? Function?

  1. what: bones, joints, cartilage
    function: body support/protection, surface area for muscle attachment, body movement, blood cells, stores minerals and lipids
  2. what: skin, hair, nails, sweat/oil glands
    function: body protection, regulates temperature, eliminates some waste, vitamin D production, detect sensation, stores fat, insulation
A

integumentary: 2
skeletal: 1

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14
Q

What is the muscular system vs nervous system?

  1. what: skeletal muscle tissue (usually attached to bones), tendons, smooth and cardiac muscles
    function: body movement, posture, heat
  2. what: brain, spine, nerves, sensory (eye, ear)
    function: regulate body activities, detect internal/external changes, interpret changes, response with muscular contractions or glandular secretions
A

muscular: 1
nervous: 2

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15
Q

What is the endocrine system vs lymphatic system?

  1. what: lymph fluid/vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, B and T cells
    function: return protein/fluids to blood, move fats from gastrointestinal tract to blood
  2. what: hormone producing glands (ex. pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes)
    function: regulate body activities
A

endocrine: 2
lymphatic: 1

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16
Q

What is the cardiovascular system vs respiratory?

  1. what: heart, blood, blood vessels
    function: regulate acid-base balance, temperature, water content
  2. what: pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe)
    function: oxygen and CO2 transport, regulate acid-base balance, voice
A

cardiovascular: 1
respiratory: 2

17
Q

What is the digestive system vs urinary?

  1. what: gastrointestinal tract (mouth -> anus), salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
    function: physical/chemical food breakdown, nutrient absorption, waste elimination
  2. what: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
    function: urine, regulate chemical composition and volume of the blood, acid-base balance, mineral balance, regulate production of red blood cells
A

digestive: 1
urinary: 2

18
Q

What are the 6 basic life processes?

A

metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction

19
Q

What is a normal glucose level in the blood?

A

70-110 mg/100mL of blood

20
Q

What type of receptors detect blood pressure?

A

baroreceptors

21
Q

Disorder vs disease?

A

disorder: function or structure abnormality
disease: illness with signs and symptoms

22
Q

Two examples of positive feedback?

A

childbirth

large blood loss leading to death

23
Q

Systemic disease is what?

A

disease that affects all or most of the body

24
Q

Symptoms vs signs?

A

symptoms: subjective, can’t be seen by observer
signs: objective, can be seen by observer

25
What is epidemiology?
study of disease
26
What are the main vital signs?
temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure
27
What is the basic anatomical position?
upright, facing observer, head & eyes forward, palms turned forward
28
Which system does not regulate the acid-base balance of blood? cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory and urinary
lymphatic
29
Which system regulates the production of red blood cells? Temperature? Which system returns proteins, fluids and fat into the blood?
urinary: regulates RBC production temperature: cardiovascular lymphatic: returns proteins, fluids, fats into blood