Chapter 1: Intro

Question 1

Anatomy vs physiology?

Answer 1

anatomy: structure
physiology: function

Question 2

6 levels of structure organization?

Answer 2

chemical -> cell -> tissue -> organ -> system -> organism

Question 3

Which is not one of the 11 systems of human body?
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, psychological, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, reproductive, lymphatic, respiratory

Answer 3

psychological

Question 4

What time period of life does embryology anatomy study?

Answer 4

anatomy: fertilization to 8 weeks

Question 5

What time period of life does developmental anatomy study?

Answer 5

anatomy: fertilization to death

Question 6

What is histology?

Answer 6

anatomy: tissue microscopic structure

Question 7

What is gross anatomy?

Answer 7

anatomy: don’t need a microscope

Question 8

What does systemic anatomy study?

Answer 8

anatomy: specific region with common function

Question 9

What is pathological anatomy?

Answer 9

anatomy: changes from disease

Question 10

What are the four types of tissue?

Answer 10

epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

Question 11

What does epithelial tissue do?

Answer 11

covers body surface, lines hollow organs and cavities, forms glands

Question 12

What are the word metaphors for the 6 levels of organization?

Answer 12

chemicals (letters), cells (words), tissue (sentences), organs (paragraphs), system (chapter), organism (book)

Question 13

Match integumentary system vs skeletal system? Function?

1. what: bones, joints, cartilage
   function: body support/protection, surface area for muscle attachment, body movement, blood cells, stores minerals and lipids
2. what: skin, hair, nails, sweat/oil glands
   function: body protection, regulates temperature, eliminates some waste, vitamin D production, detect sensation, stores fat, insulation

Answer 13

integumentary: 2
skeletal: 1

Question 14

What is the muscular system vs nervous system?

1. what: skeletal muscle tissue (usually attached to bones), tendons, smooth and cardiac muscles
   function: body movement, posture, heat
2. what: brain, spine, nerves, sensory (eye, ear)
   function: regulate body activities, detect internal/external changes, interpret changes, response with muscular contractions or glandular secretions

Answer 14

muscular: 1
nervous: 2

Question 15

What is the endocrine system vs lymphatic system?

1. what: lymph fluid/vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, B and T cells
   function: return protein/fluids to blood, move fats from gastrointestinal tract to blood
2. what: hormone producing glands (ex. pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes)
   function: regulate body activities

Answer 15

endocrine: 2
lymphatic: 1

Question 16

What is the cardiovascular system vs respiratory?

1. what: heart, blood, blood vessels
   function: regulate acid-base balance, temperature, water content
2. what: pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe)
   function: oxygen and CO2 transport, regulate acid-base balance, voice

Answer 16

cardiovascular: 1
respiratory: 2

Question 17

What is the digestive system vs urinary?

1. what: gastrointestinal tract (mouth -> anus), salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
   function: physical/chemical food breakdown, nutrient absorption, waste elimination
2. what: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
   function: urine, regulate chemical composition and volume of the blood, acid-base balance, mineral balance, regulate production of red blood cells

Answer 17

digestive: 1
urinary: 2

Question 18

What are the 6 basic life processes?

Answer 18

metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction

Question 19

What is a normal glucose level in the blood?

Answer 19

70-110 mg/100mL of blood

Question 20

What type of receptors detect blood pressure?

Answer 20

baroreceptors

Question 21

Disorder vs disease?

Answer 21

disorder: function or structure abnormality
disease: illness with signs and symptoms

Question 22

Two examples of positive feedback?

Answer 22

childbirth

large blood loss leading to death

Question 23

Systemic disease is what?

Answer 23

disease that affects all or most of the body

Question 24

Symptoms vs signs?

Answer 24

symptoms: subjective, can’t be seen by observer
signs: objective, can be seen by observer

Question 25

What is epidemiology?

Answer 25

study of disease

Question 26

What are the main vital signs?

Answer 26

temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure

Question 27

What is the basic anatomical position?

Answer 27

upright, facing observer, head & eyes forward, palms turned forward

Question 28

Which system does not regulate the acid-base balance of blood?

cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory and urinary

Answer 28

lymphatic

Question 29

Which system regulates the production of red blood cells? Temperature?

Which system returns proteins, fluids and fat into the blood?

Answer 29

urinary: regulates RBC production
temperature: cardiovascular
lymphatic: returns proteins, fluids, fats into blood