Chapter 5 - Reading Flashcards
Age 5-7 shift
There is a lot of cognitive changes in middle childhood
This is also the point where school becomes academically focused
Self-esteem drops as kids start comparing themselves
To be an agent is to make choices
Agent as young child
At the end of the 1st year you begin to see intentionality: behaving as if they know what adults are trying to do
they show less patience with adults who don’t give them a toy vs those who accidentally drop it
At 6 months, no difference and 9 months is
Joint attention at 9 months
Will follow a point and point themselves to direct attention
Theory of mind development
3-4 years old
Begin to think people do things because they want to and in light of what they believe to be true
Other peoples perspectives
Pass false belief tasks at
5-6
What makes theory of mind develop faster?
1 - high levels of EC
2 - parents engage kids in talks that make repeated references to mental and emotional states
3 - Gave older siblings: have experience figuring out their minds
4 - more experience with stories through which they learn about others minds
Autists and theory of mind
Less
DO most 5-6 year olds get intetnionality?
Yes
They are very responsive to genesis stories too because this makes sense to them
Goal setting at 5
By 5, know that mindful agents work to achieve desires in accord with their beliefs. If they are to be successful, they have to proceed in a deliberate manner (toward their goals).
Kids with high EC are better at resisting impulses
5 year olds have a conscience but still need more to become motivated agents
Goal setting at 5
By 5, know that mindful agents work to achieve desires in accord with their beliefs. If they are to be successful, they have to proceed in a deliberate manner (toward their goals).
Kids with high EC are better at resisting impulses
5 year olds have a conscience but still need more to become motivated agents
Concrete operational phase
7 years old
Can think of world as a concretely organized, rule governed reality
Once someone gets that rules govern the world, they appreciate that this might be true for society
Very young people get that there are rules but do not understand that there is a world outside theirs that requires them
After this age, they do
Development of reasoning
Pre conventional reasoning - hedonistic, good or bad dependent on the results on the self
Conventional - use interpersonal conventions to know what a moral person should do. Children in this stage know the world needs rules to avoid chaos.
Kids assessment of different people’s perspectives at 5 and 7
At 5: Kids think people have different perspectives because they have different information
At 7: Think that even if they have the same information, they might see the world another way
Elementary school and its role in social and cognitive development
1 - kids leave home to go to school and thus enter the social world
The undertake complex challenges such as new interpersonal relationships
2 - have to learn to do well academically
Industry vs inferiority
Piaget stage
Industry: work hard to master academic/interpersonal skills
Inferiority: fall behind
Self esteem
Motivated agency meets threshold when children formulate and systematically persue long term goals in school and social relationships
Happens slowly but they get better at it through elementary school
This forms a second layer of personality
More about goals and values than traits
Before 9 = high
After 9 individual differences emerge
SE comes after theory of mind, concrete operational, begin persuing goals
William James: SE = success / pretention
pretentions = goals, values and expectations you have of yourself
Implicitly - if you had no values or goals they would not have to worry about SE
SELF ESTEEM MARKS THE POINT OF ACHIVING MOTIVATED AGENT
Notable self esteem differences
Higher in boys vs girls
Lower in Asian countries
Higher in black people
Self esteem over lifespan
Rises to 60, drops at over 70 (health)
Narcissm and SE
Narcissm = excessive self-love, self-centeredness, arrogance
Grandiosity and sense of entitlement
Social issues like agression
Rated as good looking (might contribute to this by giving them feedback that raises SE very high)
Jobs
High E, Low N
Affiliation and Power
By 9, understand the difference between getting along and ahead and work toward both
Popularity Finnish study
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