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PSYC 332 > Chapter 3 - Reading > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Reading Flashcards

1
Q

The liars club

A

Characters mother and character are all totally unregulated

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2
Q

Why control ourselves at all

A

Get along and get ahead

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3
Q

The need to control oneself

A

Social exclusion is really bad - triggers immune response
Avoiding exclusion means self-regulating so we do not violate a strongly held group norm
So the great challenge of social actors is to control the performance
Goffman; actors work hard to manage the impressions of others by monitoring themselves

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4
Q

Freud & Merd on self-regulation

A

Self-regulation depends on the observation of the actor by an audience, be that audience in the real world or the mind. In social life, we watch others and ourselves. We regulate each other and ourselves. In this reflective, observing sense, we regulate ourselves and others.

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5
Q

After 2 - I & Me

A

Once the I can reflect on the Me, the I can control the presentation of the self on the central stage.

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6
Q

What assists the I to control the me?

A

Control emotions; embarrassment, shame, pride, guilt

Over time we learn what produces these and become used to working with them or socialized into behaviour that respects them

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7
Q

Being observed and prosocial behaviour

Mirror

Objective self awareness

A

Leads to prosocial behaviour
Even if the observer is just a mirror
Objective self awareness whereby the actor becomes explicitly aware of the self as an object of perception
Such an awareness is a check on the free expression of impulses, urges and disruptive emotions

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8
Q

Social factors influence the mirror test

A

Japanese people are less influent by mirrors
Culturally, their social group monitors the individual so the state of objective self-awareness ,ay be more the explicit norm in japan than NA
Metaphorically, the Japanese have mirrors in their heads

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9
Q

Ego depletion

A

Yeah right

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10
Q

Emotions function

A

The provide advisory functions
Functional appraisals of self and the world
Give you advice on how things are going
Regulating these into advise is the fx of self regulation

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11
Q

New borns and self-regulation

A

cannot self-regulate

people sooth and caress them

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12
Q

Cultural norms regarding baseline emotions

A

Individualistic - high arousal, positive affect
Might even encourage venting negative emotions

Collectivist - Dampen joy as well as anger
Strong emotional expressions threaten the collective harmony
Reinforce low arousal, positive eg joy

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13
Q

Emotion regulation

6 months old

A

Turn away from unpleasant stimuli

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14
Q

Emotion regulation

12 months

A

Rock themselves

Move away from upsetting things

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15
Q

2 years

A

Cope with frustration by talking to companions
Playing with toys
Distracting themselves from sources of -ve
Knit their brows and compress lips to suppress negative emotion

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16
Q

2-3 years

A

More strategic
Instead of fear/anger - turn to caretaker and look sad
Learned its more successful in recruiting support

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17
Q

Securely attached kids

A

Healthier patterns of cortisol
Can check with care givers to learn of behaviour is good or bad
Therefore better emotional regulation and behaviour

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18
Q

Internalized working model

A

Established of attachment relationship
Taken from one situation from another
therefore never on stage alone

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19
Q

Marshmallow test

A

30% successful
Better SATs, friendships, less behavior issues etc
Exerted effort to control their impulses

20
Q

Executive Control

A

Child’s active and voluntary capacity to withhold a dominant response in order to enact a subordinate response given situational demands
It is a temperament dimension, kids have more or less of it

21
Q

Girls vs boys EC

A

Girls higher than boys

22
Q

SES and EC

A

Low SES = low EC

23
Q

East vs west EC

A

East better. Emphasize this culturally

24
Q

EC and conscience

A

EC is a temperament foundation for the development of a conscience

A conscience is rule-compatible conduct + moral emotions

EC may clear other thoughts and allow more empathy

25
Q

Moral emotions

A

Empathy and guilt

26
Q

Guilt is good

A

Causes apologetic behaviour and the anticipation of guilt can prevent bad behavior

People high in guilt do less crime

27
Q

Executive Attention Network

A

EC and the development of a conscience require this

Inhibits thoughts that decrease the ability to analyze a situation
Prioritize long term goals over short term pleasure
Prefrontal Cortex and Anterior Cingulate Cortex

28
Q

Pre frontal cortex

A

Planning complex behaviour
Role in self-regulation as shown by Phineas gage
PFC guides inputs and connections that allow EC to achieve self-control

29
Q

Anterior Cingulate Cortex

A

Around corpus callosum
Spindle cells activate when switching between thoughts
Focuses attn on the challenging features of the task at hand, evaluating the severity of the problem, and guiding the actors towards the appropriate behavioral response
Predicts the outcome before the action is performed
Supports the cognitive operations with which people think before they act

30
Q

Seratonin

A

Implicated in the development of EC and self regulation
Some people get higher serotonin function which is efficient and adaptive, some get less
Serotonin might affect the relationship between the two human modes of responding

31
Q

2 modes of human responding

A

1 basic, unconscious, immediate
2 rational and strategic

Effective regulation must drop 1
Serotonin function increases 2. Low S fx = low 2
Experimentally, more Ser, more 2
Low serotonin leads to hostility and sensation seeking
In kids, low SER associated with externalizing problems and ADHA
In adults, violence and BPD

32
Q

EC as a precursor

A

Important precursor to A and C

33
Q

C

A

How hard working and self-disciplined and reliable a person is

34
Q

A

A

Nice is not a good enough word
Best traits of humanity

Low A = worst traits

35
Q

C & A are associated with

A

A & C are different

But both are associated with better marriages, attachment and low divorce

High C = less cheating

36
Q

Work, school and C

A

Predicts for good outcomes
The path to success for high C people is homework, studying, persevering even if dull
People high in C see work as a big part of them
They take job losses harder than low C people

37
Q

High A and work

A

Also invest a lot in work
Trustworthy and reliable
Associated with lower pay, especially for men
Why? Job choice - helping professions
Men are supposed to be dominant so nice guys are at a disadvantage

Pays to be at least a bit disagreeable

38
Q

C and A and health correlents

A

Both linked to health
C more so
High C is an excellent predictor of low mortality

High C:

low risk taking
Less externalizing in kids, violent crime and suicide in adults
Better health behaviors and safer sex
Lower obesity
Low C, E and high N is associated with obesity

39
Q

Summary on C & A

A

In order to live well in love and work, self-regulation is important. C + A = your ego and ties into the emergence of self-regulation such as EC, the development of a conscience and moral emotions such as guilt and empathy

40
Q

Guilt, empathy, A & C

A

High C is worried a lot about guilt. Does not have more, just worries more so may avoid it more

High A might do similar things for empathy

41
Q

Positive parts of agression

A

Conflict can bind in groups together

People maintain societies with the use of legitimate (socially sanctioned) force like police and prisons

42
Q

Aggression as bad

A

Anti social behaviour
Kids who do this have externalizing behaviors
Adults who do this and have no empathy = sociopathy

43
Q

Where does aggressive behavior come from

A 
Temperament traits
Parenting practices
Family relations
Peer interactions
SES
Culture
44
Q

Where does aggressive behavior come from

Pattern

A

1 - temperament tendencies towards anger and hostility
2 - Ineffective, inconsistent parenting which uses physical punishment
3 - Poorly regulated behavior entailing aggressive outbursts which leads to
4 - poor school performance and -5- peer rejection in school which can lead to an alliance with deviant kids who
7 - reinforce, glorify aggression and antisocial behaviour

45
Q

Who is most likely to be aggressive?

A

Low SES boys

PSYC 332 (29 decks)

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