Chapter 5: Nutrition Flashcards
1
Q
How many food and beverage ads do kids see in a year?
A
25 million
2
Q
What is heart and stroke pushing for legislation to restrict?
A
Food and beverage marketing
3
Q
How much TV does the average child watch in a day? How many food and beverage ads do they see per hours?
A
2 hours a day
See 4-5 food and beverage ads
4
Q
How many deaths have occurred due to unhealthy eating in 2015?
A
50 000 deaths
5
Q
How much does heart disease and stroke cost Canadian economy each year?
A
21 billion
6
Q
What is the economic burden of obesity annually?
A
4.6- 7.1 billion
7
Q
How much of family food products are ultra food processed?
A
60%
8
Q
What is the largest contributor of sugar in our diets?
A
Sugary drinks
9
Q
What percent of food marketed is high in salt, fat or sugar?
A
90%
10
Q
What percent of people believe food and bev are marketed to kids?
A
72%
11
Q
What percent of people believe food marketed is unhealthy?
A
78%
12
Q
Why do marketers target youth?
A
They are life long customers
13
Q
how many people believe children are exposed to too many ads?
A
70%
14
Q
What percent of people believe industries have an unfair advantage over parents?
A
71%
15
Q
What does Dr. Warshawski say about the effect on families?
A
It has a corrosive and disruptive effect
16
Q
What percentage believes it’s hard to monitor and control advertising directed at kids?
A
77%
17
Q
What percentage of kids have phones by grade 4? Grade 11?
A
4- 25%
11- 85%
18
Q
What are two important factors ads have on us?
A
Power and exposure
19
Q
What is exposure?
A
Volume of adds across different media
20
Q
What is power?
A
Impact of different techniques (ex. Celebrity in an ad)
21
Q
Can kids under 5 distinguish ads from unbiased programming?
A
No!!
22
Q
Why are teens exposed to more ads?
A
They can remember them better
23
Q
What does Dr. Warshawski say about industry self regulation?
A
It’s a failure
24
Q
Which province has lowest obesity rate?
A
Quebec
13% lower the Ontario
25
What act does Quebec have in place?
Consumer Protection Act of 1980
26
What is Stop M2K?
Stop marketing to youth under 16
27
What was the Child Protection Act? When was it established?
To prohibit marketing under 13, and was established Sept 2016
28
What was the healthy eating strategy? When was it announced?
Was to restrict commercial marketing
Announced October 2016
29
How many schools does Heart and Stroke partner with?
4000
30
What did Brazil 2014 define child advertising before 12 as?
Abusive
31
In 2014 Mexico restricted food marketing on TV during what times?
Afternoon, weekends and in theatres
32
When did the WHO call for action on reducing impact on food marketing?
2010
33
What did Sweden ban in 1991?
Banned TV ads aimed at kids under 12
Banned mail advertising under 16
34
When did Norway ban ads aimed at kids under 16?
1992
35
Is there one healthy way to eat?
No
36
What do fad diet extremes lead to?
Food fears = demonizes food
37
What is the best way to produce results from diets (experiment wise)?
Randomized control trials don’t work as people don’t stick to the diet long enough
Observational Studies are best as they provide us possible relationships
38
T or F: Only being assigned at birth gets long enough results to get an accurate study of a diet?
True
39
What are the six classes of essential nutrients?
Proteins
Vitamins
water
Fats
Carbs
Minerals
40
Why do we call them essential nutrients?
Need from food as body doesn’t make it (or make enough to meet physiological needs)
41
Through what body system does the body obtain nutrients?
Digestive system
42
What is 1 kilo calorie equal to in calories?
1000 calories
Amount of heat to raise temp of 1L of water 1 degree
43
Why do calorie needs vary?
Age, sex, body size, activity level , pregnancy, breastfeeding
44
Which of the essential nutrients are macronutrients (supply energy)?
Fat
Protein
Carb
45
How many calories are in each gram of macronutrients?
Fat: 9 cals per gram
Protein: 4 cals per gram
Carbs: 4 cals per gram
Not micronutrient
Alc: 7 cals per gram
46
What are macronutrients?
Required in the body in relatively high amounts
47
What makes a complete protein?
Foods containing all 9 amino acids
48
What do proteins promote in the body?
Muscle growth and maintenance, connective tissue and provide energy
49
What do proteins form in the body?
Important parts of blood enzymes, hormones and cell membranes
50
What are fats a concentrated form of?
Energy
51
What do fats help absorption of?
Fat-soluble vitamins
52
What does fat do in our bodies?
helps us retain heat and cushion our internal organs
53
What two acids are in essential fats? Are they unsaturated?
Linoleic acid
Alpha lineoleic acid
Yes they are polyunsaturated
54
What are the three types of fats (lipids):
Saturated
Mono saturated
Polyunsaturated
55
What are saturated fats?
Solid at room temp
Found naturally in animal products
56
What are Mono saturated fats?
Liquid at room temperature
Plant sources (olive and canola oil)
57
What are polyunsaturated fats?
Liquid at room temp
Plant sources (soybean and corn oil)
2 essential fatty acids (alpha and linoleic)
58
What are Trans fatty acids?
Unsaturated fatty acids
With an atypical shape due to hydrogenation
59
What is hydrogenation?
How humans make trans fats
Mix of saturated and unsaturated fats which makes a more solid form of oil
60
What is the problem of trans fatty acids?
Acts differently in human bodies
61
What is low density lipoproteins?
Bad cholesterol
Sat and trans fatty acids increases in blood
Unsaturated fatty acids decrease in blood
62
What is high density lipoprotein?
Good cholesterol
Increase in monounsaturated fatty acids
Trans fatty acids decreases in blood levels
63
What are carbs?
Various combos of sugar units
Primarily used for energy
64
What are the two groups of carbs?
Simple and complex
65
What are simple carbs?
Sucrose, fructose, maltose, and lactose
66
What are complex carbs?
Starches
Most important carb source
Found in grains, legumes, potatoes, and yam
67
What is unrefined grains
Unrefined (whole grain)
Takes longer to chew and digest and enters bloodstream slowly
Makes you feel full faster for longer, blood glucose increases slower
68
What are refined grains?
Refined grains
When germ and bran are removed leaving starchy endosperm
White flour, brown rice to white
69
What is Fibre?
Non digestible
Can reduce risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease and increases gastrointestinal health
70
What are the two types of fibre?
Dietary and functional
71
What is dietary fibre?
Present naturally in plants
72
What is Functional fibre?
Isolated from natural sources or synthesized in a lab
73
What is soluble fibre?
“Viscous”
Delay stomach emptying, slow glucose into blood, decrease cholesterol absorption
74
What us insoluble fibre
Increase fecal bulk
Prevent constipation, hemorrhoids, and other digestive disorders
75
What are vitamins?
Organic micronutrients required in small amounts for growth, reproduction, and maintenance of health
76
What are coenzymes?
Facilitate action of enzymes to initiate body responses
77
Which vitamins does your body produce?
Vitamin D and K
78
What are water soluble vitamins?
Dissolve in water directly into blood stream
79
How many water soluble vitamins are complex?
8 complex
And Vitamin C (not complex)
80
What are fat soluble vitamins?
Dissolved in fat or lipid tissue
81
Which vitamins are fat soluable
D, A, K, E
(Drake without the R)
82
Which fat soluble vitamins can you consume in toxic amounts?
Vitamin A and D
83
T or F: Coenzymes act as antioxidants?
True
84
What is the difference between excess fat soluble and water soluble vitamin consumption (what happens to them)
Water soluble: elimination in urine
Fat soluble: stores in liver and fat tissues
85
Are vitamins organic? What makes them organic?
Vitamins are organic this is because they are carbon containing
86
What are minerals?
Inorganic micronutrients
Aid in growth and tissue maintenance, release energy
87
How many essential minerals are there?
17
88
What are Major Minerals?
“Macrominerals”
Body needs more than 100mg per day
89
Which Macronutrients are lacked most in Canadians?
Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium
90
What are trace minerals?
Needed in minute amounts
Essential for good health
Ex. Iodized salt need (iodine), and iron
91
T or F: Water is the most essential nutrient
True
92
What does the government recommend making your drink of choice?
Water !!
93
What does water help with?
Digestion and absorption of food
Controls body temp and chemical reactions
94
When was the “Guidelines for Healthy Eating published’?
1942
95
When was eating well with Canada’s food guide published?
Feb 2007
96
What did eating well with Canada’s food guide emphasize?
The importance of combining physical activity with healthy eating
97
What were the critiques of “Eating well with Canada’s food guide “?
Challenges in understanding and applying food servings and snacks
Not meeting needs of all Canadians
98
What needed strengthening on “eating well with Canadas food guide”
Replacing sat fat with unsat fat
High intakes of sugar sweetened beverages
99
What was the “conflict of interest” in the revision of the food guide?
It was influenced by individuals in food and beverages industry
100
What is the current food guide? What is the plate distribution?
Doesn’t include serving size or food group
1/2 veggies, 1/4 protein, 1/4 whole grains
101
Why does the food guide matter?
Lead to healthier diets, eating patterns, health outcomes
102
What are bolster efforts?
banning advertisements aimed at kids
103
When did nutrition labelling become mandatory?
2007
104
When were final regulations published for nutrition labels?
2016
105
Which nutritional info is legislated?
Nutrition facts table
Ingredient list
Nutrition claims
Front of packaging nutrition symbols
106
What is a nutrition facts table based on?
A specific amount of food
107
What is a % daily value?
Overview of nutrient profile
108
How are ingredients listed?
Descending by weight
109
What are other names for sugar?
Corn syrup, dextrose, honey and molasses
110
What are other names for saturated fats?
Lard, palm oil, shortening, butter
111
What has until January 1st 2026?
The food industry to implement ongoing changes
112
What products will have a front of package nutrition symbol?
Packaged foods high in one or more sodium, sugar, saturated fat
113
What ongoing changes are being made to the list of ingredients?
Grouping sugar based ingredients in brackets after “sugar”
Using bullets or commas to separate ingredients
114
Ongoing changes to nutrition facts table?
Making serving sizes more consistent and realistic
Increasing font size
Adding potassium
