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Health Sci 1001A > Chapter 1: Taking Charge Of Your Health > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Taking Charge Of Your Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is the old idea of health?

A

Absence of disease

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2
Q

What is wellness

A

Optimal health and vitality
Determined by decisions you make about how you live
Continual and dynamic

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3
Q

What is health influenced by

A

Factors beyond your control
Ex, genes, age, acccess

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4
Q

What are social determinants of health?

A

factors that influence the health of individuals and groups

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5
Q

What are the 14 social determinants of health?

A
  1. Income and income distribution
  2. Education
  3. Unemployment and job security
    4.Employment and working conditions
  4. Early childhood development
  5. Food Insecurity
  6. Housing
  7. Social exclusion
  8. Social Network
  9. Health Services
  10. Indigenous status
  11. Gender
  12. Race
  13. Disability
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6
Q

What are modifiable risk factors?

A

Smoking, exercise, diet

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7
Q

What are non-modifiable risk factors

A

Age and Family History

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8
Q

What is health promotion

A

Enabling others to control and improve their health

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9
Q

What are the 9 dimensions of wellness?

A
  1. Physical
  2. Emotional
  3. Intellectual
  4. Interpersonal
  5. Cultural
  6. Financial
  7. Spiritual
  8. Environmental
  9. Occupational
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10
Q

What is physical wellness?

A

Fitness level & ability to care for yourself
Eating healthy
Practicing safe sex
Getting regular check ups
Recognizing symptoms of disease
Avoiding injury

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11
Q

What is emotional wellness?

A

Optimism, trust, self confidence and self acceptance
Understanding and accepting of own and others feelings
Can share feelings
Dynamic and fluctuates with intellectual, physical, spiritual, cultural and interpersonal health

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12
Q

What is Intellectual Wellness

A

Openness to new ideas
Capacity to question and think critically
Lifelong learning
Creativity & curiosity

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13
Q

What is Interpersonal Wellness?

A

Communication Skills
Capacity for intimacy
Ability to maintain satisfying relationships
Ability to cultivate a support system of friends and family

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14
Q

What is Cultural Wellness

A

Creating relationships with those different from you
Maintaining and valuing your own cultural identity
Avoiding stereotyping based off race, ethnicity, gender, religion, or sexual orientation

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15
Q

What is spiritual wellness?

A

Capacity for love, compassion and forgiveness
Altruism
Caring for others
Sense of meaning and purpose
Sense of belonging to something greater than oneself

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16
Q

What is Environmetal wellness?

A

Having abundant, clean, natural resources
Maintaining sustainable development
Recycling and reducing pollution and waste
Personal health depends of health of the planet

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17
Q

What is financial wellness?

A

Having a basic understanding of how money works
Living within ones means
Avoiding debt and saving for the future

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18
Q

What is Occupational Wellness

A

Enjoying your job
Being valued by your manager
Building satisfying relationships with coworkers
Taking advantages of opportunities to learn and be challenged
Draws on your passion and skills allowing u to feel as if you are contributing

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19
Q

What percent of genes determine variability in life span?

A

25%

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20
Q

What is health?

A

State of complete social, physical, and mental wellbeing
Resource for everyday life

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21
Q

T or F: Is there a correlation between genes, behaviour and life expectancy?

A

True

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22
Q

Ways to increase longevity

A

No smoking
high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (good cholesterol)
Education
Good stress coping

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23
Q

Why has life expectancy since 1900 doubled?

A

Vaccines
Public health initiatives (infectious diseases)
Improved living conditions
Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard

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24
Q

Between 15 -24 what are the leading causes of death?

A

Accidents
Suicide
Cancer
Homicide
Heart disease

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25
Q

What is the Pan- Canadian Healthy Living Strategy?

A

Goal to address preventable risk factors and underlying conditions

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26
Q

What are the 2 Pan Canadian Healthy Living Initiatives

A

Prevention of disease, disability, injury and health promotion
Decreasing childhood obesity

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27
Q

What are the Pan Canadian Healthy living targets?

A

Want to increase by 20%:
Healthy Eating
Physical activity
Healthy weight

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28
Q

What Issues are causing danger of diverse populations health?

A

Stereotyping
Talking to people as groups and not individuals
Overgeneralizing
Ignoring diversity (risk factors in certain groups)

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29
Q

What are the Dimensions of Diverse Populations

A

Sex
Gender
Ethnicity
Income
Education
Disability
Geographic location
Sexual orientation

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30
Q

What is the difference between gender and gender identity?

A

gender- roles and behaviours in society
Gender identity- pronouns, and self identification

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31
Q

Fart storage in Men verses Women

A

Women store fat in hips, men store it in abdomen

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32
Q

Which sex has better visual- spacial capacity?

A

Male

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33
Q

Which sex has a better 1 year survival rate of heart attacks? Why?

A

Males
Why: women have atypical symptoms (harder to diagnose)
Women also experience heart attacks 10 years later

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34
Q

Which gender is most likely to have a stroke? But which gender is most likely to be more afffected?

A

Women are more likely to have a stroke
Men are more likely to suffer permanent language loss

35
Q

Which sex is most likely to have a stronger immune system? But which sex is more likely to develop auto immune disorders?

A

Women have stronger immune systems
Women are more likely to develop autoimmune disorders than men

36
Q

Which sex has higher smoking rates?

A

Male

37
Q

Which sex is more likely to suffer from depression? Which sex is more likely to commit suicide?

A

Women are more likely to suffer from depression
Males are 4x more likely to commit suicide

38
Q

What type of headaches does each sex suffer from?

A

Women: migraines and chronic tension headaches
Men: cluster headaches

39
Q

Which sex is most likely to develop an STI?

A

Women

40
Q

Which ethnicity is affected most from Tay Sachs?

A

Eastern European Jewish people
French Canadians

41
Q

Which ancestry is most likely to have sickle- cell anemia?

A

African Ancestry

42
Q

What percentage of Canadian pop is Indigenous?

A

4.9%

43
Q

How much more likely are Indigenous people to get heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and tuberculosis?

A

HD: 1.5-2x
T2D: 3-5x
TB- 40x

44
Q

how much more likely are Indigenous people to be unemployed? How much income do they usually make?

A

4x more likely to be unemployed and make half the income of regular Canadians

45
Q

What was the life expectancy in 1900’s?

A

Female: 60.6 years
Male: 58.8 years

46
Q

What are 4 factors of health disparities?

A

Poverty and low education (higher death rates)
Availability of health care (tech and specialists)
Communication and trust issues due to under representation in health profession
Cultural Preferences (Jehovahs witness)

47
Q

What does Income and education disparities cause Canadians?

A

health disparities
Higher rates of infant mortality, injury, death tuberculosis and diabetes
Higher day to day stressors (multiple jobs and unreliable stressors)

48
Q

What disparities does disability cause?

A

Activity limitations
Require assistance
Inactive
Overweight
Depressive episodes

49
Q

Geographic location and health

A

Rural areas= higher death, less access, less active, lower education and no screening tests
Association between remoteness and risk of death from a preventable cause

However
Stronger sense of community, Lower stress, lower rates of cancer

50
Q

What does morbidity mean?

A

Illness and Disease

51
Q

What does Mortality mean?

A

death

52
Q

Sexual Orientation and Health disparities

A

Acceptance issues
Practice unsafe sex
Substance abuse
Mental health issues
Suicide

53
Q

What does choosing wellness require?

A

Knowledge, self awareness, motivation and effort

54
Q

What are the top 10 issues affecting students

A
  1. Stress
  2. Anxiety
  3. Sleep issues
  4. Depression
  5. Illness
  6. Work
  7. Video games
  8. Concern for Family and Friends
  9. Relationships
  10. Finances
55
Q

What do genes control?

A

Production of proteins that serve as a structural material and regulate body’s chemical reaction and metabolic process

56
Q

How many hereditary conditions are due to gene errors?

A

3500

57
Q

What are example of preventable care?

A

vaccinations, screening tests

58
Q

How do people reach wellness through lifestyle management?

A

Behaviour change

59
Q

When do people start to change behaviours?

A

When others address a concern, a landmark event occurs, or new information raises awareness of risk

60
Q

How should one target there target behaviour?

A

Start small and work up

61
Q

What must people believe to change?

A

Believe benefits outweigh the costs
Pick something that values themself
Ask friends and family the effects of your behaviour on them

62
Q

What is being a critical consumer?

A

Being skeptical and checking legitimacy of sources

63
Q

What is self efficacy? What are strategies?

A

Belief in your ability to take action and perform a task.
Strategies: Visualization, self-talk, encouragement

64
Q

What is a locus of control?

A

Figurative place a person designates as the source of responsibility for events in their life

65
Q

What is internal Locus?

A

Factors in control of
Ex motivation and commitment

66
Q

What is external locus

A

Factors beyond one’s control

67
Q

What is the health belief model?

A

Created for people to understand, for people who didn’t adopt public health strategies in 1950

68
Q

What is the Pattern of belief?

A
  1. Reflecting on susceptibility
  2. Severity of issue
  3. Perceived Benefits
  4. barriers to taking action
  5. Perceived self efficacy
69
Q

What is the Transtheoretical Model?

A

Stages of change

70
Q

What is the Pre- Contemplation Stage

A

No intention within the next 6 months

71
Q

What is the contemplation Stage

A

Aware of problem, think about action within next six months

72
Q

What is the preparation stage

A

Plan to take action within a month, make small changes

73
Q

What is the action stage?

A

Change plan implemented, made and sustained for 6 months
Great risk for reverting into old habits

74
Q

What is the maintenance stage?

A

Maintained for 6 months, lasts 6 months to 5 years
Increased self confidence and self efficacy

75
Q

What is the termination stage?

A

Exited cycle of change, new habits are well established, no longer tempted to slip
New self image and self efficacy

76
Q

How to deal with relapse of goals?

A

4/5 experience backsliding
1. Forgive yourself
2. Give yourself credit for progress already made
3. Move on
Don’t be afraid to re evaluate your goals

77
Q

What are the steps to making a personalized plan?

A
  1. monitor behaviour and gather data
  2. Analyze data and identify patterns
  3. Be SMART about goals
78
Q

What are SMART Goals

A

Specific goals
Measurable progress
Attainable within physical and time limits
Realistic goals
Time frame specific (reasonable amount of time to achieve)

79
Q

What is the most common preventable causes of death

A

Smoking
Poor diet
Inactivity
Alcohol abuse

80
Q

Chronic disease

A

Non- communicable
Develop and worsen over time
Caused in part by lifestyle factors

81
Q

What is an infectious disease?

A

communicable
Pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, parasites)

82
Q

What is Todays life expectancy?

A

Male: 80 years
Female: 84 years

83
Q

5 steps to the concept of behaviour change

A
  1. Know that behaviour causes health problems
  2. Accept and believe you are acceptable to health problems
  3. Recognize risk-reduction strategies
  4. Believe new behaviour will be more inforcing than behaviour given up
  5. Feel others wanting them to change

Health Sci 1001A (9 decks)

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