Chapter 14: Alcohol

Question 1

What kind of drug is alcohol?

Answer 1

Psychoactive, depressant drug

Question 2

What % of people have reported drinking alcohol?

Answer 2

92.5%

Question 3

In 2023 how many adults (fraction) had a beverage in the past 12 months?

Answer 3

3/4 adults

Question 4

What % of people drink to be social, celebrate and “get drunk”

Answer 4

66%- social
59%- celebrate
18%- get drunk

Question 5

What are the three main types of alcohols?

Answer 5

Beer: 3-6%
Wine: 9-14%
Spirits/ hard alc: 35%

Question 6

What is one standard drink for the 3 main types of alc?

Answer 6

Beer (5%) = 12oz
Wine (12%)= 5oz
Spirit (40%)= 1.5oz

Question 7

What do caffeine and carbonation increase?

Answer 7

Absorption of alc into blood

Question 8

How does alcohol get into the bloodstream?

Answer 8

A small amount is absorbed through the oral mucosa, 20% through the stomach lining, and 75-80% into the small intestine (duodenum).

Question 9

Where is alcohol primarily metabolized?

Answer 9

The main place of metabolism is in the liver.

Question 10

What are the metabolic products of alcohol?

Answer 10

Alcohol is converted into acetaldehyde, then to acetate.

Question 11

What percentage of ingested alcohol is excreted unchanged?

Answer 11

2-10% of ingested alcohol is excreted unchanged by the lungs kidneys and sweat glands

Question 12

How much alcohol does the liver metabolize per hour?

Answer 12

The liver metabolizes approximately 1 drink per hour.

Question 13

How does alcohol affect the brain?

Answer 13

When alcohol enters the brain, it affects neurotransmitters, creating many immediate effects of alcohol. Chronic use can lead to permanent effects on brain structures.

Question 14

What is Blood Alcohol Level (BAL)?

Answer 14

BAL is the ratio of alcohol in a person’s blood based on weight, expressed as the amount of alcohol in deciliters of blood, and is a measure of intoxication.

Question 15

What factors influence Blood Alcohol Level (BAL)?

Answer 15

Factors include body weight, body fat (more muscle = better metabolism), sex (women metabolize alcohol slower than males), and rate of metabolism.

Question 16

What are the low conecentration effects of alcohol?

Answer 16

Immediate effects include light-headedness, relaxation, and the release of inhibitions.

Question 17

Why do people perceive alcohol as a stimulant?

Answer 17

Alcohol may appear to act as a stimulant by enhancing assertiveness and social behaviors due to its depressing effect on inhibitory centers in the brain.

Question 18

What are the high-level effects of alcohol?

Answer 18

High levels of alcohol can interfere with motor coordination, verbal performance, and intellectual functions, leading to anger or irritability.

Question 19

What happens at 0.2% BAC?

Answer 19

At 0.2% BAC, most drinkers are unable to function.

Question 20

What happens at 0.35% BAC?

Answer 20

At 0.35% BAC, coma usually occurs and it can be fatal.

Question 21

How does alcohol impact risky behavior?

Answer 21

Alcohol increases the risk of engaging in risky behaviors that can have serious repercussions.

Question 22

What is alcohol poisoning?

Answer 22

Alcohol poisoning occurs when a large amount is consumed in a short period, potentially raising one’s BAC to a lethal range.

Question 23

What is a significant cause of overdose deaths related to alcohol?

Answer 23

Alcohol, alone or combined with drugs, is responsible for more toxic overdose deaths than any other substance.

Question 24

What causes death from alcohol poisoning?

Answer 24

Death from alcohol poisoning is caused by central nervous system depression or respiratory depression, often leading to inhaling vomit or fluid into the lungs.

Question 25

Effects of chronic alcohol misuse?

Answer 25

Impact reproductive system Impact immune system Increase risk of osteaoporosis

Question 26

What is fatty liver disease?

Answer 26

Increase of fat cells in the liver Can occur within a few days of heavy alc consumption

Question 27

What is alcohol hepatitis?

Answer 27

Inflammation of the liver Frequent cause of death and hospitalization with people with alcohol use disorder

Question 28

What is Cirrhosis?

Answer 28

Destroyed liver cells, scar tissue in liver If one continues to drink they only have a 50% five year survival rate May lose alc tolerance as metabolizing cells die

Question 29

When can pancreatitis occur?

Answer 29

After 1 or 2 heavy binge drinking episodes

Question 30

What can cirrhosis cause in the esophagus and rectal veins?

Answer 30

can make them swollen and fractured

Question 31

What effects does alcohol have on GI tract?

Answer 31

Painful irritation of the stomach lining (why you shouldn’t yack)

Question 32

How can alcohol affect cardiovascular system?

Answer 32

Increase blood pressure and increase risk of stroke and heart attack Can develop cardiomyopathy

Question 33

Can alcohol cause brain damage?

Answer 33

Yes brain volume shrinkage and loss of grey and white matter and reduced blood flow

Question 34

What may happen to those dependant on alcohols brain?

Answer 34

Memory Loss, dementia and decreased problem solving

Question 35

T of F: Alcohol is a carcinogen

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Mortality rate of alcohol?

Answer 36

5% of worldwide deaths 13.5% of those deaths are between 20-39

Question 37

Alcohol is related to how many diseases?

Answer 37

200+

Question 38

How much is life decreased with alcohol use disorder?

Answer 38

15 years less on average

Question 39

Which is more serious FASD or FAS

Answer 39

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 40

What does FASD stand for?

Answer 40

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Question 41

What is the most common preventable cause of intellectual disability in the Western world

Answer 41

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 42

3 times as many FAS babies are born with what disorder?

Answer 42

ARND- alcohol- related neurodevelopment disorder

Question 43

When does alc have the worst effects on the baby?

Answer 43

Early development Vulnerable throughout entire pregnancy

Question 44

How many deaths were due to alcohol in 2017?

Answer 44

18000

Question 45

What’s is the recommended amount of drinks for both women and men?

Answer 45

2, more has an increased risk of harm

Question 46

What costs are associated with alc use? Health care?

Answer 46

16.6 billion 5.4 billion

Question 47

T or F: Alcohol health risks increase more steeply for men

Answer 47

False, its in women

Question 48

Weekly levels of alcohol use are associated with what risk of premature death?

Answer 48

1 in 100

Question 49

How many drinks are considered binge drinking in men? Women?

Answer 49

5+ in men 4+ in women

Question 50

Is alcohol a teratogen?

Answer 50

Yes!!

Question 51

What is a teratogen?

Answer 51

Can cause of malformation of the fetus, lead to learning and social effects on fetus Lead to hypertension, placental abnormalities, and decreases milk production

Question 52

How long does it take for 1 drink to be eliminated from breastmilk

Answer 52

2 hours

Question 53

Which sex is most likely to drink in excess, be involved in collision and be hospitalized?

Answer 53

Men

Question 54

What risk is alcohol for behaviour in youth?

Answer 54

For death and social problems

Question 55

What was a past belief about alcohol and heart disease?

Answer 55

Thought it reduced ischemic heart disease

Question 56

How many cancer cases has alcohol caused?

Answer 56

7000 cases, 3200 deaths

Question 57

Is there an exact dose-response relationship with alc and violence?

Answer 57

No!

Question 58

What policy implication should be made for alcohol?

Answer 58

Mandatory labelling of alcohol beverages with standard # of drinks in a container

Question 59

How many drinks is no risk?

Answer 59

0!!

Question 60

How many drinks poses a moderate risk?

Answer 60

3-6

Question 61

How many risks pose a high risk?

Answer 61

7+ drinks

Question 62

What alcohol guidelines were posted in 2011

Answer 62

Canadas low risk drinking outlines

Question 63

What is the new guideline on drinking in 2023?

Answer 63

canadas guidance on alcohol and health Helps people make well informed decisions

Question 64

What is the old drinking recommendation per week?

Answer 64

Men: no more than 15 Women: no more than 10

Question 65

When did France get alcohol labels?

Answer 65

1991

Question 66

Low risk drinking guidelines:

Answer 66

1. Numerical limits for week;y and daily amount of alcohol 2. Consumption recommendations differed between sexes 3. Pregnant women should avoid drinking 4. Outdated data and ineffective guidelines

Question 67

guidance on alc and health guidelines:

Answer 67

1. Reduce alcohol use on a spectrum 2. Harm is experienced among all sexes and gender 3. No safe level of consumption for pregnant women

Question 68

What are the three forms of alcohol misuse?

Answer 68

Binge drinking Alcohol misuse Alcohol use disorder (AUD)

Question 69

What is severe AUD referred to as? How many symptoms of the DSM-5?

Answer 69

Alcoholism, 6+ symptoms

Question 70

What is binge drinking?

Answer 70

Periodically drinking to the point of intoxication (5 drinks men, 4 drinks women in 2 hours)

Question 71

What is alcohol misuse?

Answer 71

Recurrent use with negative consequences, drinking effects day to day life and commitments

Question 72

How many symptoms is mild AUD? Moderate?

Answer 72

Mild: 2-3 symptoms Moderate: 4-5 symptoms

Question 73

What is alcohol use disorder?

Answer 73

Based on criteria over a 12 month period Appeared in DSM-5 combining alcohol abuse and dependence

Question 74

What happens at increased tolerance?

Answer 74

Drinkers can act normal at a higher BAC Needs 50% more alc for desired effect

Question 75

What symptoms of alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 75

Trembling hands, rapid pulse, accelerated breathing insomnia

Question 76

What are severe symptoms of alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 76

Seizures, confusion, hallucinations, delirium tremens (vermin and small animal hallucinations)

Question 77

What percent of indigenous people ages 12+ are heavy drinkers?

Answer 77

36%

Question 78

Who is Harold R. Johnson?

Answer 78

Indigenous author of “Firewater”

Question 79

What happens to Indigenous populations when diseases come from the Western World?

Answer 79

Magnified

Question 80

What percent of deaths are alcohol related on reserves?

Answer 80

90%

Question 81

In what years did the Cree ban alcohol in Treaty 6?

Answer 81

1876 to 1960

Question 82

Who did white men invite to drink with them in history?

Answer 82

Took advantage of Indigenous women

Question 83

What increase in alcohol price can reduce alcohol violence by 3%

Answer 83

1%

Question 84

What is money spent more on alcohol sale or alcohol damages?

Answer 84

Damages

Question 85

What is the answer to help drinking rates?

Answer 85

Increase prices, decrease availability

Question 86

What percent of uni students drink 5+ drinks per week?

Answer 86

35%

Question 87

What percent of uni students agree it’s acceptable to get drunk with friends?

Answer 87

74%

Question 88

Whta percent of indigenous people are absent from drinking?

Answer 88

35%

Question 89

What percent of Canadians are alcohol absent?

Answer 89

18%

Question 90

How many Canadians verses indigenous binge drink ?

Answer 90

Canadian: 19% Indigenous: 25%