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Micro BIO > Chapter 5 : Eukaryotic cell structure > Flashcards

Chapter 5 : Eukaryotic cell structure Flashcards

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1
Q

in Eukaryotic cell structures this serves as a transport system to move material though out the cell

A

Intracytoplasmic membrane complex

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2
Q

What does the cell envelope consist of in a eukaryotic cell envelope ?

A

plasma membrane with lipid bilayer
- sphingolipids, sterols, and phospholipids

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3
Q

Liquid components where organelles are located

A

cytosol

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4
Q

In a EU cell what helps keep it organized ?

A

cytoskeleton

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5
Q

What are the three interconnected filaments ?

A

Microfilaments ( actin protein)
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

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6
Q

Functions of actin filaments

A

move cell structure
change shape
endocytosis
cytokinesis

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7
Q

profile of Intermediate filaments

A

10 nm
flexible and strong
keratin and vimentin proteins

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8
Q

Profile of microtubules

A

shaped like a thin cylinder
25 nm in diameter
helical cylinder 13 subunits
protiens a and B- tubulin

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8
Q

Function of microtubules

A

form spindle fiber
cell movement
maintain cell shape and support

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8
Q

The function of intermediate filaments

A

Structural role
form nuclear lamina and support nuclear envelope
link cells to form tissues

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8
Q

What is the endocytic pathway ?

A

movement into the cell from the outside

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9
Q

What is the secretory pathway?

A

movement out of the cell and within the cell

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10
Q

Functions of the ER ?

A

hub for molecule sysnthesis and transport
cell membrane synthesis

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11
Q

Ribosomes attach to the outer surface and is important to cells that synthesize lots of proteins, this is the ?

A

Rough ER

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12
Q

Devoid of ribosomes and important for cells that synthesize lipids?

A

smooth ER

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13
Q

It is made of flattened, saclike cisternae stacked on each other and packages material to secrete them ?

A

Golgi apparatus

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14
Q

The forming face closest to the ER Is the trans face and the maturing face farthest from the ER is the cis face t o F

A

false- Cis closest
Trans- farthest

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15
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

rough sphere-like organelle enclosed in a single membrane
500 nm diameter
digestion

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16
Q

What kind of digestion enzymes do lysosomes contain ?

A

Hydrolase- hydrolyzes molecule

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17
Q

Lysosome maintian an acidic environment by pumping protons into their interior T o F?

A

True

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18
Q

List out the general pathway of how proteins are secreted from cell?

A
  1. protiens made go into rough er
  2. pass through to smooth er
  3. release by vesicle budded off from ER
  4. vesicle moves to cis face of Golgi the trans
  5. proteins are modified to go to the target location
  6. transport vesicle released from trans face to final destination
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19
Q

If the final destination for the protein is the plasma membrane, one of two secretory pathways can be used:

A

Constitutive - deleviry but unregulated
Regulated secretory pathway- needs signal before fusing to plasma membrane

20
Q

How are proteins degraded?

A
  • misfolded/unfolded proteins are targeted by ubiquitin polypeptides
    proteasomes recognize the ubi. and destroys proteins
21
Q

Used by all eukaryotic cells to bring materials into the cell

A

Endocytosis

22
Q

What are the two types of vesicles that are pinched off from the plasma membrane?

A

Pinocytosis- solutes
Phagocytosis- particles

23
Q

What is receptor mediated endocytosis?

A

when a ligand binds to a receptor to trigger endocytosis

24
Q

Uses cell surface protrusions to surround and engulf particles

A

Phagocytosis

25
Q

What is Clathrin-dependent endocytosis?

A

clathrin protein-coated pits that are used to internalize
hormones
growth factors
iron
cholesterol

26
Q

What is Caveolin-dependent endocytosis?

A

Caveolin coated vesicles
used for signal transduction
small molecule transport

27
Q

Phagosomes fuse directly with lysosomes T or F

A

true

28
Q

Clathrin coated and caveolin coated veiscles deliver content to late endosomes T or F

A

False - deliver into early endosomes

29
Q

Delivery of materials to be digested by a route that does not involve endocytosis describes what process?

A

Autophagy

30
Q

what occurs in Macroautophagy ?

A

non selectively digests and recycles cytoplasmic components

31
Q

What are autophagosomes?

A

double membrane materials ready to be digested

32
Q

Extracellular vesicles can contain …

A

proteins, lipids, NA

33
Q

How are extracellular vesicles formed?

A

by pinching off the membrane to surround their cargo

34
Q

membrane-bound spherical structure that houses chromosomes, that contains genetic information wrapped around…

A

histones

35
Q

what is the purpose of the nuclear pore complex

A

allow passage of materials to be transported in/out of nucleus

36
Q

A lipid bilayer membrane that surrounds the nuclues and its outer membrane being surrounded by ribosomes, is what structure?

A

Nuclear envelope

37
Q

what is the Nucleolus

A

site of ribosomal RNA synthesis

38
Q

Where would you find the direct assembly of rRNA that combines with proteins to form partial ribosomal subunits?

A

Nucleolus

39
Q

Eukaryotic Ribosomes are smaller than 70s bacterial and archaeal ribosomes T o F?

A

False- they are much larger being
80s

40
Q

Which type of ribosomes synthesize integral membranes or secrete proteins?

A

RER ribosomes

41
Q

Which type ribosomes synthesize non secretory / non-membrane protiens

A

free ribosomes

42
Q

what is the endosymbiotic hypothesis?

A

Mitochondria, hydrogenosomes, and chloroplast thought to have been evolved from bacterial cell

43
Q

Porins are proteins are found where in the mitochondria structure?

A

Outer membrane

44
Q

What contains cristae infolding to increase surface area?

A

Inner membrane of mitochondria

45
Q

Mitochondrial matrix enclosed by inner membrane contains …

A

ribosomes
mitochondrial DNA
large phosphate granules

46
Q

What are hydrogenosomes ?

A

sm. energy captures in anaerobic
Double membrane
lack DNA
ATP generation usually through fermentation

47
Q

Where does the site of photosynthetic reaction take place?

A

chloroplast

48
Q

Site of dark reactions of photosynthesis and contains organelles like thylakoids?

A

Stroma

49
Q

The site of light reaction of photosynthesis?

A

Thylakoids

50
Q

Eukaryotic cell have flagella and pili as external structures T o F

A

False- they have flagella and cilia

Micro BIO (13 decks)

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