Chapter 5 : Eukaryotic cell structure

Question 1

in Eukaryotic cell structures this serves as a transport system to move material though out the cell

Answer 1

Intracytoplasmic membrane complex

Question 2

What does the cell envelope consist of in a eukaryotic cell envelope ?

Answer 2

plasma membrane with lipid bilayer
- sphingolipids, sterols, and phospholipids

Question 3

Liquid components where organelles are located

Answer 3

cytosol

Question 4

In a EU cell what helps keep it organized ?

Answer 4

cytoskeleton

Question 5

What are the three interconnected filaments ?

Answer 5

Microfilaments ( actin protein)
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

Question 6

Functions of actin filaments

Answer 6

move cell structure
change shape
endocytosis
cytokinesis

Question 7

profile of Intermediate filaments

Answer 7

10 nm
flexible and strong
keratin and vimentin proteins

Question 8

Profile of microtubules

Answer 8

shaped like a thin cylinder
25 nm in diameter
helical cylinder 13 subunits
protiens a and B- tubulin

Question 8

Function of microtubules

Answer 8

form spindle fiber
cell movement
maintain cell shape and support

Question 8

The function of intermediate filaments

Answer 8

Structural role
form nuclear lamina and support nuclear envelope
link cells to form tissues

Question 8

What is the endocytic pathway ?

Answer 8

movement into the cell from the outside

Question 9

What is the secretory pathway?

Answer 9

movement out of the cell and within the cell

Question 10

Functions of the ER ?

Answer 10

hub for molecule sysnthesis and transport
cell membrane synthesis

Question 11

Ribosomes attach to the outer surface and is important to cells that synthesize lots of proteins, this is the ?

Answer 11

Rough ER

Question 12

Devoid of ribosomes and important for cells that synthesize lipids?

Answer 12

smooth ER

Question 13

It is made of flattened, saclike cisternae stacked on each other and packages material to secrete them ?

Answer 13

Golgi apparatus

Question 14

The forming face closest to the ER Is the trans face and the maturing face farthest from the ER is the cis face t o F

Answer 14

false- Cis closest
Trans- farthest

Question 15

What are lysosomes?

Answer 15

rough sphere-like organelle enclosed in a single membrane
500 nm diameter
digestion

Question 16

What kind of digestion enzymes do lysosomes contain ?

Answer 16

Hydrolase- hydrolyzes molecule

Question 17

Lysosome maintian an acidic environment by pumping protons into their interior T o F?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

List out the general pathway of how proteins are secreted from cell?

Answer 18

1. protiens made go into rough er
2. pass through to smooth er
3. release by vesicle budded off from ER
4. vesicle moves to cis face of Golgi the trans
5. proteins are modified to go to the target location
6. transport vesicle released from trans face to final destination

Question 19

If the final destination for the protein is the plasma membrane, one of two secretory pathways can be used:

Answer 19

Constitutive - deleviry but unregulated
Regulated secretory pathway- needs signal before fusing to plasma membrane

Question 20

How are proteins degraded?

Answer 20

• misfolded/unfolded proteins are targeted by ubiquitin polypeptides
  proteasomes recognize the ubi. and destroys proteins

Question 21

Used by all eukaryotic cells to bring materials into the cell

Answer 21

Endocytosis

Question 22

What are the two types of vesicles that are pinched off from the plasma membrane?

Answer 22

Pinocytosis- solutes Phagocytosis- particles

Question 23

What is receptor mediated endocytosis?

Answer 23

when a ligand binds to a receptor to trigger endocytosis

Question 24

Uses cell surface protrusions to surround and engulf particles

Answer 24

Phagocytosis

Question 25

What is Clathrin-dependent endocytosis?

Answer 25

clathrin protein-coated pits that are used to internalize hormones growth factors iron cholesterol

Question 26

What is Caveolin-dependent endocytosis?

Answer 26

Caveolin coated vesicles used for signal transduction small molecule transport

Question 27

Phagosomes fuse directly with lysosomes T or F

Answer 27

true

Question 28

Clathrin coated and caveolin coated veiscles deliver content to late endosomes T or F

Answer 28

False - deliver into early endosomes

Question 29

Delivery of materials to be digested by a route that does not involve endocytosis describes what process?

Answer 29

Autophagy

Question 30

what occurs in Macroautophagy ?

Answer 30

non selectively digests and recycles cytoplasmic components

Question 31

What are autophagosomes?

Answer 31

double membrane materials ready to be digested

Question 32

Extracellular vesicles can contain ...

Answer 32

proteins, lipids, NA

Question 33

How are extracellular vesicles formed?

Answer 33

by pinching off the membrane to surround their cargo

Question 34

membrane-bound spherical structure that houses chromosomes, that contains genetic information wrapped around...

Answer 34

histones

Question 35

what is the purpose of the nuclear pore complex

Answer 35

allow passage of materials to be transported in/out of nucleus

Question 36

A lipid bilayer membrane that surrounds the nuclues and its outer membrane being surrounded by ribosomes, is what structure?

Answer 36

Nuclear envelope

Question 37

what is the Nucleolus

Answer 37

site of ribosomal RNA synthesis

Question 38

Where would you find the direct assembly of rRNA that combines with proteins to form partial ribosomal subunits?

Answer 38

Nucleolus

Question 39

Eukaryotic Ribosomes are smaller than 70s bacterial and archaeal ribosomes T o F?

Answer 39

False- they are much larger being 80s

Question 40

Which type of ribosomes synthesize integral membranes or secrete proteins?

Answer 40

RER ribosomes

Question 41

Which type ribosomes synthesize non secretory / non-membrane protiens

Answer 41

free ribosomes

Question 42

what is the endosymbiotic hypothesis?

Answer 42

Mitochondria, hydrogenosomes, and chloroplast thought to have been evolved from bacterial cell

Question 43

Porins are proteins are found where in the mitochondria structure?

Answer 43

Outer membrane

Question 44

What contains cristae infolding to increase surface area?

Answer 44

Inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 45

Mitochondrial matrix enclosed by inner membrane contains ...

Answer 45

ribosomes mitochondrial DNA large phosphate granules

Question 46

What are hydrogenosomes ?

Answer 46

sm. energy captures in anaerobic Double membrane lack DNA ATP generation usually through fermentation

Question 47

Where does the site of photosynthetic reaction take place?

Answer 47

chloroplast

Question 48

Site of dark reactions of photosynthesis and contains organelles like thylakoids?

Answer 48

Stroma

Question 49

The site of light reaction of photosynthesis?

Answer 49

Thylakoids

Question 50

Eukaryotic cell have flagella and pili as external structures T o F

Answer 50

False- they have flagella and cilia