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Micro BIO > Chapter 3 : Bacterial cell structure > Flashcards

Chapter 3 : Bacterial cell structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Bacteria have different arrangements, what are the names of the different cocci arrangements?

A

Cocci- spheres that are single or associated in arrangements

Diplococci- in pairs
Streptococci- chains of cocci divided in 1 plane
Staphylococci- random clusters
tetrads- divided into 2 planes to form a square
Sarcina- divided in 3 planes looks like a cube

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2
Q

Bacteria have different arrangements, what are the names of the different bacilli arrangements

A

Coccobacilli- short and wide
Vibrios- comma shape

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3
Q

what do spirilla look like?

A

rigid spiral shaped bacteria

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4
Q

What do spirochetes bacteria look like?

A

flexible spiral shaped

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5
Q

Organisms that are variable shape are called ?

A

Pleomorphic

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6
Q

The plasma membrane and all its surrounding layers external to it is called?

A

cell envelope

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7
Q

What does the cell envelope include?

A

capsule or slime layer
cell wall
plasma membrane

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8
Q

Function of the plasma membrane

A

Selective permeability for getting nutrients and getting rid of waste

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9
Q

How is the plasma membrane structured and what is the dynamic of it ?

A

composed of two lipids sheets 7 to 8 micrometers
Hydrophilic- polar interaction with water
Hydrophobic - non-polar and interact with each other

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10
Q

Microbes can only take in dissolved particles across permeable membrane via what mechanisms?

A

Passive diffusion
facilitated diffusion
primary and secondary active transport
group translocation

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11
Q

In passive diffusion, molecules move from a lower concentration to a higher concentration T o F.

A

f- They move from high to lower concentration

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12
Q

What molecules are able to move easily via passive diffusion?

A

water, O2 and CO2

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12
Q

What is the movement across the plasma membrane with the help of transport proteins called?

A

Facilitated diffusion

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13
Q

What is the difference between channels and carrier proteins

A

Channel is pore-like in the membrane that allows the substance to pass through\
Carriers are more substrate-specificity

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14
Q

Transports molecules against the concentration gradient and is an energy-dependent process of Atp or proton motive force

A

Active transport

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15
Q

What is primary active transport?

A

Uses energy from ATP hydrolysis to move substances against gradient with no modifications

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16
Q

What transport mechanism would you use do ATP binding cassette transporters and what do they consist of?

A

Primary active transport
2 hydrophobic spanning domains
2 cytoplasmic associated ATP binding domains

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17
Q

Transport mechanism that uses potential energy of ion gradients to co-transport substance without modifying is?

A

secondary active transport

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18
Q

What does the substance move through in a secondary transport mechanism?

A

symport
antiport

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19
Q

Energy-dependent transport that chemically modifies the molecule as it is brought into the cell is ?

A

Group translocation

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20
Q

best known translocation system is PTS, what occurs in this process?

A

it imports sugars while phosphorylating them

21
Q

What is the purpose for siderophore to be secreted by bacteria

A

help aid them in iron uptake since it is essential in building molecules

22
Q

Bacterial cell wall function

A

maintain shape
helps protect cells from osmotic lysis
no tonic materials
contribute pathogenicity

23
Q

what are the two alternating sugar that forms the meshlike polymer peptidoglycan

A

N-acetylglucosamine ( NAG
N-acetylmuramic acid ( NAM

24
Q

What composes the outer membrane of a gram-negative bacteria ?

A

lipids, lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides

25
Q

Gram-negative bacteria contain teichoic acids in their cell wall T o F

A

False only gram postive

26
Q

What are the importances of LPS?

A

negative surface charge
stabilize outer membrane
permeability barrier
host defense protection
acts as endotoxin

27
Q

In hypertonic environments, water moves into the cell and swells T o F ?

A

False: water leaves cell and cytoplasm shrivels up

28
Q

What are the three parts that make up LPS?

A

Lipid A
Core polysaccharide
O side chain ( O antigen) O for out

28
Q

If cells are treated with lysozyme or penicillin what occurs to the bacterial cell?

A

They lyse in hypotonic solution due to the weakening of peptidoglycan

29
Q

What is the relationship between extracellular vesicles and bacteria?

A

small membrane-bound molecule that help in cell to cell interaction via transferring genetic information and toxin mol.

30
Q

additional layers that occur that bacteria have are?

A

capsules - polysaccharides well organized
slime layer- polysaccharides unorganized
Glycocalyx- polysaccharide extension to stick to surfaces
S-layer- a geometric pattern of proteins aid in protection of ion and PH fluctuations

31
Q

Protective advantages of capsules

A

resistant to phagocytosis
protect from desiccation

32
Q

advantages of slime layer in bacteria

A

facilitate motility

33
Q

formed rings at the center of a dividing cell that constricted as daughter separates is and example of what ?

A

Ftsz cytoskeleton molecule

33
Q

S- layer functions:

A

protect from ion and PH fluctuation
prevent osmotic stress
maintain shape and rigidity
adhesion
host defenses

34
Q

What is the purpose of the MreB cytoskeleton molecule?

A

maintain shape by positioning PEP. in synthesis machinery

35
Q

purpose of CreS cytoskeleton molecule

A

maintain curve shape

36
Q

The subunits for bacterial ribosome

A

It is composed of ribosomal RNA and protein
16s and 23s and 5s = 70s ribosome

37
Q

what contains the location of chromosomes and associated proteins?

A

Nucleoid

38
Q

What does the bacterial DNA look like?

A

1 closed circular DS DNA molecule

39
Q

The function of external structures in bacteria?

A

Protection
attachment
horizontal gene transfer
cell movement

39
Q

Small circular piece of DS DNA that contains genes that can give bacteria advantage in some situations

A

Plasmids

40
Q

Describe what are pili and fimbriae

A

short, thin, hairlike,
mediate motility
attachment
DNA Uptake

41
Q

What is the sex pili?

A

the external structure of the bacteria that can copy and send genetic material from another plasmid

42
Q

Thread like, locomotor appendages extending outward from plasma membrane and cell wall are called?

A

Flagella

43
Q

If a flagelllum is rotating CW what is the affect on the bacteria ?

A

disrupts run and causes cell to stop and tumble

44
Q

What is spirochete motility?

A

multiple flagella form axial fibril that surrounds cell

45
Q

What is chemotaxis?

A

Movement towards a chemical attractant or away

46
Q

In response to nutrient depletion in a bacterial cell, what forms?

A

Endospores

47
Q

What is the endospore structure?

A

Exosporium
Spore coat- protein
Cortex- Thick PEP
Core- Nucleoid and ribosomes

48
Q

what does sporulation produce in a bacterial cell?

A

produces a dormant cell that can survive the harsh nutrient depleted environment

Micro BIO (13 decks)

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