Chapter 4: Archaeal Cell

Question 1

what are archaea best known for?

Answer 1

anaerobic
hypersaline
PH extremes
High temps

Question 2

Common shapes of archea?

Answer 2

Cocci 1 to 3 micrometer
rod 1 to 2 micrometer wide an 1 to 5 micrometer long

Question 3

How do archaeal cell envelopes differ from bacterial cell envelopes?

Answer 3

some lack cell wall
s-layer being the only one outside the Plasma membrane
may have a slime layer

Question 4

What are the unique lipids that compose archaeal membranes ?

Answer 4

hydrocarbons derived from isoprene units (5)
hydrocarbon attached to glycerols via ether bonds

Question 5

what are the two major types of archeal membrane lipids?

Answer 5

Glycerol diether lipid - 20 + glycerol
Diglycerol tetraehter lipids- 2 hydrocarbons + 2 glycerol

Question 6

Archaeal versus bacterial cytoplasm

Answer 6

very similar- lack of membrane-enclosed organelle

Question 6

It is thought to be important for intracellular gene transfer in thermophiles to protect DNA from denaturing in high temps

Answer 6

Archaeal Extracellular vesicles

Question 7

archaeal and bacterial ribosome are the same size T o F

Answer 7

true

Question 8

The different composition of archaeal ribosomes make them unaffected by antibiotics that target ribosomes T or F

Answer 8

True

Question 9

The flagella in archaea are more thicker than bacterial flagella T o F?

Answer 9

False they are thinner

Question 10

How are the flagella powered in archaea and what direction do they move?

Answer 10

ATP hydrolysis
Forward or backward