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Micro BIO > Chapter 1: Microbiology Introduction > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Microbiology Introduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are Microorganisms?

A

Organisms too small to be seen with the naked unaided eye

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2
Q

list organisms that are cellular…

A

(Funky People Bake Amazing cakes)
Fungi
Protist
Bacteria
Archaea

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3
Q

List the acellular organisms..

A

“Very Vivid Stories Predict”

Viruses
Viroids
Satellites
Prions

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4
Q

How are we able to generate a three-domain system for microorganisms?

A

Through research based on comparing ribosomal RNA genes

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5
Q

Through research based on comparing ribosomal RNA genes, we can generate what three microorganism domain system?

A

(BAE)
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

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6
Q

what are the two types of Microbial cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells

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7
Q

A simple cell with no membrane-enclosed organelles describe what type of cell ?

A

Prokaryotic cell

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8
Q

what type of cell is larger/ more morphologically complex and contains a membrane-enclosed nucleus with organelles?

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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9
Q

List the profile for domain bacteria

A
  • Single-cell: without membrane-bound nucleus
  • Most w/ peptidoglycan in cell wall
  • live in extreme environments
  • Major part in the Human Microbiome
  • bt disease cz and non- disease cz
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10
Q

list the profile for domain archaea

A
  • SCP
  • rRNA sequence distinguishes from Bac.
  • unique membrane lipids
  • live in extreme environments
  • Ds/n directly cz disease in humans
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11
Q

what types of Eukarya are unicellular and larger that bacteria and archaea but have an animal like metabolism ?

A

Protazoa- Protists

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12
Q

what types of eukarya are unicellular, larger than bacteria and archaea, and photosynthetic?

A

Algae- protist

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13
Q

what eukarya can be multi or unicellular?

A

Fungi
yeast- unicellular
molds and mushroom: multicellular

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14
Q

What do we use to describe why viruses are not living organisms?

A

Life:
Need orderly structure
obtain energy
reproduce
( viruses don’t qualify)

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15
Q

What were the unique molecules found in the membranes of bacteria of molecular fossils ?

A

Hopanes/ Hopanoids

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16
Q

How many year ago was life present on earth?

A

3.5-3.8 billion years ago

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17
Q

what is the evidence of RNA world Hypothesis ?

A

-cellular RNA exists/associated with Ribosome
- rRNA catalyzation form peptide bond
- RNA is a sample precursor strand of DNA
- Energy ATP
- regulate gene expression

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18
Q

Why did cells on early earth need to be able to use energy sources under harsh conditions?

A

Earth super hot and lack of oxygen due to iron

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19
Q

what makes LUCA most significant to organisms of today?

A
  1. most recent of all 3 types of life
  2. Archaea and Eukarya independently evolved
  3. A and E diverged from LUCA
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20
Q

What does the endosymbiotic hypothesis explain?

A

Origin of mitochondria, chloroplast, and hydrogenosomes

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21
Q

Interaction b/w two organisms in which one lives inside of the other is called?

A

Endosymbiosis
Endo= inside

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22
Q

Mitochondria originated from what endosymbiotic bacteria?

A

proteobacteria

23
Q

Chloroplast originated from what endosymbiotic bacteria?

A

Prochloron

24
Q

What are hydrogenosomes?

A

Anaerobic endosymbiont that makes ATP via fermintation

25
Q

What are we able to use to compare organisms on a evolutionary relationship basis?

A

Phyletic Classification Systems

26
Q

The science of classifying living things

A

Taxonomy

26
Q

Descendants of a pure microbial culture are called?

A

a Strain

26
Q

Define what microbial phylogeny is?

A

Compare cell wall structure, biomolecules, and NT sequences

26
Q

Strains can differ biochemically but be the same morphologically, and pathogenically T or F?

A

False they differ in all

27
Q

What can we use to display evolutionary relationship b/w organisms?

A

Phylogenetic tree

28
Q

In recent research how are we able to define hierarchy in strains?

A

By the use of metagenomic analysis

28
Q

The idea that living organisms can develop from nonliving or decomposing matter describes?

A

Spontaneous generation

29
Q

Who was Antony Leeuwenhoek?

A

The first person to observe microorganisms accurately by developing the first simple microscope

30
Q

Scientist that discredited spontaneous generation?

A

Francesco Reddi

31
Q

How was Redi able to prove that spontaneous generation was false ?

A

Showed maggots on decaying meat came from flys

32
Q

Scientists rebutted Redi, by observing that some extracts have what it takes to confer life from non-living material?

A

John Needham

33
Q

what scientist proved hay itself did not make organisms if in a sealed environment

A

Lazzaro spallanzani

34
Q

Who was Louis Pasteur?

A

Swan-neck flask experiment
- created the flasks with long necks
- both heated for microbes to be destroyed
- One exposed to air
- One left with neck intact
- growth only occurs in broken neck flask

35
Q

Scientist that demonstrated that dust carries microorganisms?

A

John tyndall

36
Q

Scientist that provided evidence for the existence of exceptionally heat resistant forms of bacteria ?

A

John Tyndall

37
Q

Who found out that heat-resistant bacteria could produce endospores

A

Ferdinand cohn

38
Q

Demonstrated the potato blight of Ireland was caused by protozoan

A

Berkley

38
Q

showed a disease of silkworms was caused by a fungus

A

Agostino Bassi

39
Q

showed fungi caused crop disease

A

Heinrich de Bary

40
Q

Developed an antiseptic surgery system to prevent microorganisms from entering wounds

A

Joseph lister

41
Q

Provided indirect evidence that microorganisms were the causal agents of disease?

A

lister

42
Q

What criteria is still use today to establish the link between a microorganism and a disease ?

A

Knochs postulates

43
Q

Robert Knoch was able to establish the relationship between bacillus anthracis and what ?

A

Anthrax

44
Q

Demonstrated the mycobacterium tuberculosis caused what sickness?

A

TB

45
Q

What scientist was able to develop porcelain bacterial filters that were used by Ivanoski and Beijerinck to study the tobacco mosaic disease ?

A

charles chamberland

46
Q

study of host defenses

A

immunology

47
Q

who used vaccination procedure to protect against small pox

A

Edward Jenner

48
Q

What was the significance of Ignaz semmelweis?

A

He was able to make a connection between cadaveric contamination and the fever affecting the patient in their first clinic. Student would carry contaminating particles on their hand and infect their patients

49
Q
A

Micro BIO (13 decks)

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