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Micro BIO > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The corrections of error in base pairing made during DNA replication is done by ?

A

DNA polymerase

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2
Q

Mismatched pairs are removed and replaced by DNA polymerase ? T or F

A

True

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3
Q

What is the purpose of excision repair?

A

To correct damage that distorts the DNA double helix

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4
Q
A
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4
Q

The two types of excision repair

A

Nucleotide and base excision repair

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5
Q

What is the differance in Nucleotide excision repair and base excison repair?

A

Nucleotide removes and repairs the entire nucleotide
base excision removes and repairs only the incorrect base

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6
Q

The purpose of recombinational repair?

A

Corrects the DNA that has both bases of a pair missing or damaged

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7
Q

Rec A aligns the damaged DNA with the second copy of the genome. T or F

A

True

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8
Q

The SOS response purpose is ?

A

It is an inducible repair system, used when damage is too far for normal mechanisms

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9
Q

In the absence of DNA damage what occurs to the SOS gene

A

LexA binds to SOS gene promoter, inhibiting expression

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10
Q

What occurs during SOS repsonse when DNA is damaged ?

A

RecA protiens are expressed and they localize the damaged ss DNA strands

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11
Q

Rec A serves as a locator for LexA, which allows for it to bind. It activates the degradation of Lex A, thus inhibting SOS genes. T or F

A

False

It allows for SOS genes to be expressed for transcritption

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12
Q

def of vertical gene transfer

A

transfer of genes from parents to progeny

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13
Q

horizontal gene transfer

A

genes from one independent mature organism to another

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14
Q

In horizontal gene transfer genes can only be transferred to the same species, not different species. T or F

A

false

they can do both

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15
Q

Conjugation def.

A

DNA transferred from a donor

15
Q

DNA that is acquired directly from enviroment is called conjugation. T or F

A

False

transformation

16
Q

DNA that is transported in a bacteriophage

A

transduction

17
Q

Integration

A

Donor DNA Pairs with recipients DNA and recombines

18
Q

What is the DNA fate in the recipient

A

Integration-pairs
Separate existence of DNA- stays seperate
Degradation-Crispr

19
Q

How are genetic elements able to move within and between genomes?

A

Via transposition

19
Q
A
20
Q

What are other ways to call the elements that are able to move within and between genomes?

A

Transposable elements or transposons

21
Q

Composite transposon

A

contain gene unrelated to transposition

21
Q

In simple transposition what enzyme catalyzes the excision of the mobile genetic element

A

Transposase

22
Q

what occurs in replicative transposition?

A

mobile geneic element remains at original site in DNA
Copy is inserted to the new DNA site

23
Q

Small double stranded DNA molecules

A

Conjugative plasmids

24
Q
A
25
Q

What type of plasmid can have their own replication orgins and replicate autonomously and stability inherited

A

Conjugative plasmid

26
Q

The F factor is how many base pairs long?

A

100,000 bp

27
Q

Bears genes responsible for cell attachment and plasmid transfer between E.coli cells

A

F factor

28
Q

The F factor contains 30 plasmid transfer genes in the tra operon

A

False they contain 28

29
Q

Episome that can exist outside chromosome or be integrated? T o F

A

true

30
Q

extrachromosomal f factor carrying genes for sex pilus formation and plasmid transfer

A

F+ strain

31
Q

Hfr Conjugation

A

Donor transfers chromosomal genes but does not change recipients into f+cells

32
Q

Immunity genes

A

resistance genes that exist in nature to protect antibiotic producing microbes from their own antibiotics

33
Q

where can resistance genes can be found

A

bacterial chromosomes
plasmids
transposons
other mobile genetic elements

34
Q

can be transferred to other cells by HGT, their genes code fro enzymes that destroy or modify drugs

A

resistant plasmids

Micro BIO (13 decks)

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